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Lecture 6
acquired resistance to antibacterial agents
14
Medical
Undergraduate 3
02/20/2011

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Term
Intrinsic Resistance
Definition
Gram negative outer membrane (porins)
efflux pumps
capsules
Term
Acquired Resistance
Definition
1. alter existing genome
2. acquire new genes
Term
Spontaneous mutation
Definition
vertical transmission
each mutation changes only 1 genetic trait
maintained in population by selective presure
Term
vertical transmission
Definition
1. mutant gene transferred to "progeny" bacteria
2. change occurs only in that particular bacterial clone
Term
Bacterial Recombination
Definition
1. horizontal gene transfer
2. may occur between different species
3. multiple genes transferred
4. stably maintained in population without selective pressure
Term
Gram negative conjugation
Definition
1. sex pilus facilitates contact
2. type IV SEC: DNA transfer
Term
Gram positive conjugation
Definition
use adhesion proteins on surface to facilitate contact
Term
3 types of conjugation
Definition
1.F + F- mating
2. HFR
3. F prime
Term
HFR conjugation
Definition
1. plasmid integrates in bacterial chromosome (episome)
2. part of plasmid and some chromosomal genes transferred
3. F factor rarely transferred
4. re-integrates in recipient chromosome
Term
F prime conjugation
Definition
1. episome excised
2. takes some adjacent chromosomal genes
3, recircularizes into plasmid
4. plasmid transferred with F factor
5. does not need to be integrated
6. different species
Term
Transposase gene flanked by ____________
Definition
inverted repeat sequences
Term
Conjugative transposons
Definition
1. possess transfer genes
2. possess genes that promote integration or insertion into genome
Term
Genomic Islands
Definition
distinct genetic units in the chromosome
- GC content differs from remainder of chromosome
-flanked by direct repeats-- indicates HGT acquisition
Term
Pathogenicity Islands
Definition
-genomic islands that contain multiple genes coding for virulence factors
- may be transferred by mobile genetic elements
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