Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Lecture 1
Historical Issues
42
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
04/15/2012

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Psychobiologists are interested in the relationship between what two things?
Definition
The Brain and Behavior
Term
When Scientists discuss the relative contributions of brain or environment to behavior of what two things?
Definition
Nature and Nurture
Term
Who were the first two individuals to bring up the nature vs. nurture controvery?
Definition
Plato and Aristotle
Term
What was PLato's belief about knowledge?
How do we obtain knowledge?
Definition
Knowledge is innate
we obtain it by thinking
Term
How did Aristotle believe we came into the world?
what creates the mind?
Definition
As a blank slate
experience
Term
What inspired Rene Descartes to come up with the Mind-Body Problem?
Definition
Robots, which were essentially humans with no souls.
Term
What did Descartes view animals as?
Definition
Robotic reflexive Machines
Term
What did Descartes study?
Definition
The brains of cadavers
Term
Why did Descartes think the Pineal Body was important?
Definition
It was the only thing that was not designed to be on the left or the right
Term
What is the best evidence that the brain has anything at all to do with behavior and consciousness?
Definition
1. elderly showing behavior deficits and legions
2. those with brain damage have problems with behavior
3. electrical stimulation of the brain
Term
What did Julien Offray De La Mettrec believe about the mind?
Definition
Monism - That it is an emergent property of the Brain's Activity.
Term
What do North American Psychologists emphasize when studying lab Animals?
Definition
nurture and focusing on learning
Term
What do European Psychologists emphasis on animals?
Definition
nurture and instinctive behavior.
Term
What does "nature" entail in terms of Psychobio?
Definition
genes, inheritance, instinct
Term
What does "nurture" entail in Psychobio?
Definition
environments, experience, and learning
Term
What do ethnologists study?
Definition
animals in nature
Term
What do psychologists believe today in terms of nature and nurture?
Definition
that nature is sculpted by nurture
Term
What three things did Darwin observe?
Definition
artificial selection, fossil sequences, and comparative anatomy
Term
What are the [4] tenants of natural selection?
Definition
1. Variation > 0
2. overproduction of young
3. competition for limited resources
4. differential reproductive success
Term
What does Variation > 0 mean?
Definition
no individuals aren't exactly the same, not even identical twins
Term
What [3] thing cause mutation?
Definition
1. mutations - random genetic events
2. sexual reproduction
3. crossing over
Term
What is fitness in terms of evolution?
Definition
Anything that gives an individual a reproductive advantage.
Term
What is an adaptation?
Definition
beneficial characteristics that lead to reproductive success of individuals
Term
what part of the brain is only present in mammals?
Definition
the cortex
Term
What is the cortex?
Definition
the outermost layers of cells of the brain
Term
What area of the brain is in Humans that we have been unable to identify in our closest living relatives?
Definition
speech areas :D
Term
What are homologous structures?
Definition
two or more structures that share common evolutionary roots or have common embryonic origins
Term
What is analogy?
Definition
parts of the body that look alike and do the same thing that are different in structure

wings of birds and insects
Term
What is convergence?
Definition
similar structures due to common need
Term
What is divergence?
Definition
structures becoming different into a variety of new forms
Term
What is adaptive radiation?
Definition
taking the species and putting them in different environments
Term
In adaptive radiation, which of the species will survive and what happens as a result?
Definition
the ones more suited for the environment will survive and reproduce
as a result, they become different species that refuse to interbreed with each other and are more likely to interbreed
Term
What are animals that have dorsal chords called?
Definition
Chordates
Term
Emergence of types of Animals in chronological order
Definition
Boney Fish -> Amphibians on Land -> Reptiles with Hard Shelled Eggs -> mammals and prenatal care -> Australopithecines -> Homo Habilis -> Homo Erectus -> Homo Sapiens -> Rat, Cat, Monkey, Man
Term
Who are two big names concerning basic genetics?
Definition
Gregor Mendel and Charles Darwin
Term
What did Darwin and Mendel study?
Definition
dichotomous traits
Term
What did Mendel Study?
Definition
Seed Odor
Term
What is a genotype?
Definition
the sum-total of an organism's genes
Term
What is a phenotype?
Definition
the physical expression of those genes
Term
caploid
Definition
sex cell, gamete
Term
diploid
Definition
cell with 23 pairs [46 total]
Term
homozygous
Definition
same alleles
Supporting users have an ad free experience!