Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Learning Ch 7.
Reinforcement Schedules: Experimental Analyses and Applicatiobs
32
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
03/21/2007

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Reinforcement Schedule
Definition
a rule that states under what conditions a reinforcer will be delivered.
Term
Continuous Reinforcement
Definition
a reinforcement schedule that delivers a reinforcer after every occurrence of a specific response.
Term
Cumulative Recorder
Definition
A simple mechanical device that records responses in a way that plots time on the horizontal axis and cumulative responses on the vertical axis. It allows the observer to see at a glance the moment-to-moment patterns of a subject's behaviour. (constructed by Skinner)
Term
Fixed Ratio (FR) Schedule
Definition
a reinforcement schedule that delivers a reinforcer after a fixed number of responses.
Term
Post-Reinforcement Pause
Definition
a pause in responding that usually occurs after each reinforcer in a fixed-ratio schedule.
Term
Ratio Strain
Definition
a general weakening of responding that is found when a fixed-ratio schedule requires a very large number of responses.
Term
Variable Ratio (VR) Schedule
Definition
A reinforcement schedule that delivers a reinforcer after a variable and unpredictable number of responses.
Term
Fixed Interval (FI) Schedule
Definition
a reinforcement schedule in which the first response after a fixed amount of time has elapsed is reinforced.
Term
Variable Interval (VI) Schedule
Definition
a reinforcement schedule in which reinforcers become available after variable and unpredictable time intervals. Once a reinforcer becomes available, a single response is required to collect it.
Term
Resistance to Extinction
Definition
the degree to which a response continues when it is no longer reinforced.
Term
Partial Reinforcement Effect
Definition
The finding that responses are more rapidly extinguished after continuous reinforcement than after a schedule of intermittent reinforcement.
Term
Humphrey's Paradox
Definition
Another name for the partial reinforcement effect or the seemingly paradoxical finding that a response that is only intermittently reinforced is more resistant to extinction than a response that is reinforced every time it occurs.
Term
Discrimination Hypothesis
Definition
An explanation of the partial reinforcement effect which states that the rate of decrease in responding depends on how quickly the subject can discriminate the change from reinforcement to extinction.
Term
Generalization Decrement Hypothesis
Definition
An explanation of the partial reinforcement effect, which states that responding during extinction will be rapis if the stimuli present during extinction are different from those that occurred during reinforcement, but slow if the stimuli are similar to those that occurred during reinforcement.
Term
Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates (DRL) Schedule
Definition
a reinforcement schedule in which a reinforcer is delivered is a certain amoubt of time has elapsed between two responses.
Term
Differential Reinforcement of High Rates (DRH) Schedule
Definition
a reinforcement schedule in which a reinforcer is delivered if a certain number of responses have occurred within a fixed amount of time.
Term
Concurrent Schedule
Definition
a situation in which two or more reinforcement schedules are available at the same time, each requiring its own responses and delivering its own reinforcers.
Term
Chained Schedule
Definition
a set of two or more reinforcement schedule that must be completed in a specific sequence before the reinforcer is delivered. Each schedule is signalled by a different stimulus.
Term
Behavioral Momentum
Definition
An operant behavior's resistance to change when the reinforcement conditions change (e.g. when free reinforcers are delivered, or when the schedule changes to extinction...)
Term
Contingency-Shaped Behavior
Definition
behavior that is controlled by the schedule of reinforcement or punishment.
Term
Rule-Governed Behavior
Definition
behavior that is controlled by a verbal or mental rule about how to behave.
Term
Multiple Schedule
Definition
a procedure in hich two or more reinforcement schedules are presented one at a time in an alternating pattern, and each schedule is signalled by a different discriminative stimulus.
Term
Molecular Theory
Definition
a theory of behavior that focuses on the moment-by-moment relationships between behaviors and their consequences.
Term
Molar Theory
Definition
a theory of behavior that focuses on the long term relationships between behaviors and their consequences.
Term
Interresponse Time (IRT) Reinforcement Theory
Definition
the theory that responding is faster on VR schedules than on VI schedules because long IRTs (long pauses between responses) are more frequently reinforced on VI schedules.
Term
Response-Reinforcer Correlation Theory
Definition
the theory that responding is faster on VR schedules than on VI schedules, because faster responding leads to more reinforcers on VR schedules but not on VI schedules.
Term
Autism
Definition
a severe disorder that affects about 2 to 4 of every 10,000 children, usually appearing when a child is a few years old. Major symptoms include extreme social withdrawal and failure to learn language.
Term
Prompt
Definition
in behavior modification, a stimulus that makes a desires response very likely to occur, and is gradually removed as training proceeds.
Term
Fading
Definition
a behavior modification procedure in which a prompt for a desired behavior is gradually withdrawn, thereby teaching the learner to produce the nehavior without the prompt.
Term
Token Economy
Definition
a behavior modification system, often used with groups of people in which each person can earn tokens by performing specific behaviors and can later exchange these tokens for a variety of primary reinforcers.
Term
Organizational Behavior Management
Definition
a field of applied behavior analysis that uses the principles of behavioral psychology to improve human performance in the workplace.
Term
Contingency Contract
Definition
a written agreement used in behavior therapy that lists the duties (behaviors) requires of each party and the privilages (reinforcers) that will result if the duties are performed.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!