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Leadership Exam 2 - Chapters 9-11
Yoder-Wise Chapters 9-11
43
Nursing
Undergraduate 4
06/27/2013

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Term
ethnicity
Definition
groups of people who are classified according to common racial, tribal, national, religious, linguistic or cultural backgrounds; broader than race; influences cultural background
Term
characteristics of culture
Definition
  1. develops over time and is responsive to its members & their familial and social environments
  2. Its members learn it and share it.
  3. It is essential for survival and acceptance
  4. It changes with difficulty
Term
cultural diversity
Definition
vast range of cultural differences among individuals or groups
Term
cultural sensitivity
Definition
the affective behaviors in individuals; the capacity to feel, convey or react to ideas, habits, customs or traditions unique to a group of people
Term
acculturation
Definition
  • becoming a competent participant in the dominant culture
  • involuntary process
  • forced to learn the new culture to survive
  • extremely difficult
  • usual course takes three generations; the adult grandchild of an immigrant is considered fully Americanized
Term
socialization
Definition
being raised within a culture and acquiring the characteristics of that group
Term
assimilation
Definition
developing a new cultural identity becoming in all ways like the members of the dominant culture
Term
cultural marginality
Definition

situations and feelings of passive betweenness when peole exist between 2 different cultures and do not perceive themselves as centrally belonging to either one;

example: an adolescent who moved here a year or two ago

Term
multiculturalism
Definition
maintaining several different cultures
Term
cross-culturalism
Definition
mediating between/among cultures
Term
transculturalism
Definition
bridging significant differences in cultural practices
Term
cultural imposition
Definition
  • tendency of an individual or group to impose their values, beliefs, and practices on another culture for varied reasons
  • such practices constitute a major concern in nursing
  • a largely unrecognized problem as a result of cultural ignorance, blindness, ethnocentric tendencies, biases, racism or other factors
Term
cultural competence
Definition
  • the process in which the HC provider continuously strives to achive the ability to effectively work within the cultural context of a client
  • model involves
    • awareness: self-examination
    • knowledge
    • skill
    • encounters
    • desire
Term
policy
Definition
a plan for action related to an issue that afects a group's well-being
Term
politics
Definition
  • a process of human interaction within organizations
  • permeates all orgs, workplaces, legislatures, professions, even families
    • e.g., a kid learning to ask mom for things instead of dad
  • political activism should be an unwritten rule in nursing
Term
influence
Definition
process of using power
Term
empowerment
Definition
  • commonly used in recent years, esp. in nursing lit related to admin & mgmt
  • highly relevant to clinical practice
  • the process of exercising one's own power
  • consistent with contemporary view of leadership: facilitator, coach, teacher, collaborator
  • power is exercised making professional judgments in daily work
  • the process by which power is shared with colleagues and patients as part of the nurse's exercise of power, in contrast to traditional ideas of patriarchal power (coercion, hierarchy, authority, control, force)
  • Viewed through a feminist perspective, empowerment is supported through collaboration not competition and power plays
Term
coalitions
Definition
  • groups of individuals or orgs that join together temporarily around a common goal (often an effort to effect change)
  • results from networking, often at leadership level, often through formal mechanisms such as letters
  • coalitions of professionals and consumers are powerful in influencing public policy related to HC
Term
negotiating
Definition
  • bargaining
  • a critically important skill for organizational and political power
  • process of making trade-offs
  • children are natural negotiators
  • often people ask for more than they want and negotiate down to what they want
  • negotiators must be able to discuss the pros and cons of both positions
Term
power
Definition
  • the ability to influence others in an effort to achieve goals
  • once a taboo issue in nursing since exercising power conflicted with feminine stereotypes
  • essential to the effective implementation of both the clinical & managerial roles of nurses
  • contemporary views on power
    • power as influence & a force for collaboration rather than coercion
    • an infinite quality rather than a finite quality
Term
6 types of power exercised by nurses
Definition
  1. position
  2. perceived
  3. expert
  4. personal
  5. information
  6. connection
Term
information technology
Definition
  • recording, processing and using data and info for the purpose of delivering and documenting patient care
  • refers to computers & programs used to manage data & info
Term
knowledge technology
Definition
the use of expert systems to assist clinicians to make decisions about patient care; designed to mimic the reasoning of nurse experts
Term
knowledge workers
Definition
  • need good data and information to provide effective and efficient patient care
  • knowledge work requires considerable cognitive activity and critical thinking
  • nurses are knowledge workers
  • not routine or repetitive
Term
database
Definition
collection of data elements organized and stored together
Term
Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS)
Definition
  • essential data to be collected on all patients
Term
NMDS elements unique to nursing
Definition

 

  1. nursing diagnosis
  2. nursing intervention
  3. nursing outcome
  4. intensity of nursing care

 

Term
purposes of the NMDS
Definition
  1. establish comparability of patient care data across clinical populations, settings, geographic areas & time
  2. describe the care of patients and families in various settings
  3. provide a means to makr the trends in the care provided and the allocation of nursing resources based on health problems or nursing diagnosis
  4. stimulate nursing research through links to existing data
  5. provide data about nursing care to influence and faciliate healthcare policy decision making
Term
elements of the NMDS
Definition
  • Nursing Care Elements
  • Personal Identifcation
    • DOB
    • Sex
    • Race & ethnicity
    • Residency
  • Service elements
    • Unique facility or service agency #
    • Unique health record #
    • Unique # of the principal RN provider
    • Episode/admission/encounter date
    • Discharge/termination date
    • Disposition of pt
    • Expected payer for most of the bill
Term
structured nursing terminology
Definition
  • we lack uniform/unified structured nursing term., which makes collecting some of the NMDS elements difficult (the nursing elements; the other ones are usually collected at admission)
  • 13 classifications systems have been recognized by the ANA]
Term
communication technology
Definition
  • an extension of WL (wireless) technology that enables hands-free communication among mobile hospital workers
  • wear a pendant-like badge around the neck; press a button & connect to the person they want to talk to by stating their name or function
Term
speech recognition (SR)
Definition
  • also "computer speech recogntion"
  • converts spoken word into machine-readable input
  • examples: voice dialing, call routing, simple data entry, preparation of radiology report
  • enter data without touching a computer
  • must use staccato like speech, pausing between each clearing spoken word
  • system must be programmed for each user
  • recognizes large # of words but is still immature
Term
informatics
Definition
  • a science that combines a domain science, computer science, info science and cognitive science
  • "nursing informatics" first named in 1980
    • the application of computer tech. to all fields of nursing (services, education, research)
  • consists of 3 core components: data, information, knowledge
Term
clinical decision support (CDS)
Definition
  • clinical computer system, app or process that helps HC professionals make clinical decisions to enhance pt care
  • most common: drug dosing calculators
Term
clinical decision support systems (CDSSs)
Definition
  • interactive computer programs designed to assist health pros with decision-making tasks by mimicking the inductive or deductive reasoning of a human expert
  • basic components: knowledge base & an inferencing mechanism (set of rules derived from experts & EBP; controls the application of the knowledge using logic)
Term
5 essential elements for creating & implementing EBP
Definition

 

  1. ask a clinical question
  2. acquire the evidence
  3. appraise the evidence
  4. apply the evidence
  5. assess the outcomes
  • informatics can play an important role in 4 of the 5
Term
computerized provider order entry (CPOE)
Definition
  • can be an effective mechanism for improving pt safety
  • new errors possible, though, need safeguards
Term
electronic health record (EHR)
Definition
  • some use it as a global concept, with EMR being the discrete localized record
  • longitudinal electronic record of pt health info generated across encounters in any care delivery setting
  • coordinate the storage & retrieval of individual records with aid of computers; may be used from many locations/sources
  • contains HC info for an individual from birth to death
Term
3 types of info technology commonly managed by nurses
Definition
  1. biomedical tech
  2. info tech
  3. knowledge tech
Term
smart cards
Definition
  • credit card-like devices that store a limited # of pages of data on a computer chip
  • serves as a bridge between the clinician terminal and the central repository, making pt info available to the caregiver quickly and cheaply at the pt of service because the pts bring it with them
  • different providers' care & notes can be brought together in any combination at any place
Term
telehealth
Definition
Term
biomedical technology
Definition
includes physiologic monitoring, diagnostic testing, med admin, therapeutic interventions
Term
EBP
Definition
involves both application of evidence to practice & the building of evidence from practice
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