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Latin America Test
test 6/10
47
History
9th Grade
06/07/2011

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Term
The early Mayans grew...
Definition
beans, corn, squash
Term
Define: slash-and-burn agriculture
Definition
burned vegetation to farm rainforest environment
Term
What was the "classic age" in MAYAN civilization?
Definition
The cities of Tikal and Copan were built
Term
What was the Mayan territory made up of? (that would be on a political map)
Definition
city-states
Term
What linked Mayans together?
Definition
Trade, warfare
Term
What was the Mayan belief in relation to their king?
Definition
he communicated with the gods
Term
What is tlatchli?
Definition
A heavy ball is thrown through stone rings with elbows, knees, hips
Term
Did the Mayans believe in human sacrifice?
Definition
on certain occasions
Term
Which civilization's decline is a mystery?
What are some theories?
Definition
Mayas
-overuse of resouces
-drought
-warfare
-abuse of power
Term
What was the social order of the Mayas?
Definition
priests/warriors
THEN
merchants/skilled craftsmen
THEN
farmers, slaves
Term
Some Mayan achievements?
Definition
-365 day calendar
-260 day calendar
-among first civilizations to invent zero
-Glyphs (Writing system)
-Codex (record book)
Term
Who were the first Aztecs?
Definition
-unlucky farmers looking for a home
-Likely subjects of Toltecs
Term
What is the symbol that told the Aztecs to set up a civilization?
Definition
An eagle on a cactus eating a snake
Term
Define: chinampas
Definition
floating gardens in Aztec civilization
Term
Which civilization used goose quills filled with gold as money?
Definition
Aztecs
Term
Which civilization's children attended school until they were 15?
Definition
Aztec
Term
Some Aztec achievements?
Definition
-260 day calendar
-365 day calendar
-Less advanced glyphs
Term
Define: mita
Definition
Inca labor tax
Term
Which civilization had no merchants?
Definition
Inca
Term
Define: quipu
Definition
colored knotted cords used to track movement of goods (Inca)
Term
Define: Ayullu
Definition
equivalent of an Inca commune which had a chief that reported to a higher gov't official
Term
Which god was the most important to the Incas?
Definition
sun god
Term
Which civilization rarely sacrificed humans?
Definition
Incas
Term
Achievements of Incas?
Definition
good crafts people
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Juan Peron
Definition
-Argentinian dictator
-Gained power in 1923 with a military coux
-got support of people from Eva (/Evita)
-remarried, wife takes over when Juan dies, is overthrown by military coux
Term
Name some of Juan Peron's reforms
Definition
-minimum wage
-8 hr workday
-paid vacation
-built schools/hospitals/orphanages
Term
NAME THAT LADY
Ev(it)a Peron
Definition
-Connection to working Argentinian people
-convinced Juan to make reforms that he did
-died at 33 of cancer
-championed woman's rights
Term
Between ___and ____,000 people were taken in the Dirty War
Definition
10-30 k
Term
What economic issues did Argentina run into?
Definition
-they reformed they economy in the 70s, but
-fell into recession in 2002
-couldn't pay back debt
-currency devalued
-banks failed
-unemployment reached 20%
-stabilized in 2003
-1/3 still lives in poverty
Term
Who promised "Fifty years of progress in five"?
Definition
Kubitschek (Brazil)
Term
What happened when Brazil's president bankrupted the economy?
Definition
military coux
Term
Define: Brazilian miracle
Definition
-fastest growing economy at the time
-froze wages
-freedoms taken (death squads)
Term
What happened to the Brazilian economy in the 70s?
Definition
-Hyperinflation (2500%)
-change in oil prices
-then, inflation fell to 7%, returned to democracy
Term
NAME THAT MAN
Luiz Inacio Lula Da Silva
Definition
-2002 leftist president
-social reformer
-busineess man
-sugar has helped Brazil grow
Term
NAME THAT MAN
Salvador Allende
Definition
Chilean 70s leftist president
-nationalized foreign companies, focused on education, healthcare
-Failed
-Alienated business owners and US government
-CIA funded couxs to overthrow Allende
Term
NAME THAT MAN
Pinochet
Definition
BAD
-Disbanded congress
-suspends constitution
-gets rid of other political parties
GOOD
-capitalism
-exports grew
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Manuel Noriega
Definition
-Panaman dictator
-Used Panama as drug base
-issue with Panama canal
Term
What is the Maoist guerilla group that terrorized the countryside with their violence and cocaine smuggling?
What country are they from?
Definition
Shining Path
Peru
Term
NAME THAT MAN
Alberto Fujimori
Definition
Peruvian dictator who became such to stop the Shining Path and improve the economy
-was successful, resigned in 2000
Term
Define: Sandinistas
Definition
Nicaraguan terrorist group
Term
Define: contras
Definition
US backed campaign against Sandinistas
Term
NAME THAT LADY
VIOLETA CHAMPRRP
Definition
-former Sandanista (Nicaragua)
-First female president of South America
Term
For more than 70 years, the ____ ruled mexico

Mexico's ______ boosted their economies until the (government)economic policies _____ and this resulted in
Definition
Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)

rich oil reserves
allowed the industry to become dominated by foreign countries
foreign debt grew, poverty remained
Term
Why did the PRI fall?
Definition
-Immense corruption w/in PRI
-world oil prices fell
-NAFTA
-major earthquake in 85
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Vincente Fox
Definition
Mexican president, 2000-6
-created gov't that was fixing PRI problems, stabilizing exonomy
-had to improve relationship between US/Mexico
Term
NAME THAT MAN
Felipe Calderon
Definition
Current Mexican president
-main focus: immigration reform, drug cartels
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
EVO MORALES
Definition
Bolivian left-leaning leader
-nationalized gas industry
-supported farmers growing coca leaves
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