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- The social and political turmoil that rocked Europe from 1789-1848 resulted in a need for stability and comfort.
- Gothic Revival and Classical Revival (Neoclassicism) provided a familiar resurrection of the past.
-They provided a sense of continuity and stability in a world that otherwise seemed uncertain and in constant flux. |
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| George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel |
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- German Philosopher
- Hegel's Theory of Evolution
- ** Saw history (and reality) as a continuous, step by step unfolding of events reacting to one another in a dialectic.
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| Hegel's Theory of Evolution |
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Definition
- Intellectually speaking, this justified revivals.
- Seeing the present as something that builds on and absorbs from the past.
- This intellectual trend influenced art and architecture in this way.
-Moreover, Hegel's Theory of Evolution was the foundation for much of 19th century thinking.
- It was the critical driving force between Darwin's Theory of Evolution and Karl Marx's dialectical materialism, which viewed history as a class struggle. |
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Fronthill Abbey
James Wyatt
Fronthill Gifford, Wiltshire, England
1796-1813
Engraving from John Rutter's Delineations of Fronthill and its Abbey
-Although the British experimented with every conceivable revival style, Gothic and Classical were the clear favorites. |
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Houses of Parliament, London
Charles Barry and A.W.N. Welby Pugin
Begun 1836
- In 1834, a massive fire destroyed the British Houses of Parliament, as captured in Turner's powerful painting, The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons, 16th October 1834. |
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Royal Pavillion, Brighton England
John Nash
1815-1823
-While Neoclassical and Gothic Revival Styles were dominant in the late 18th/Early 19th Century, exotic styles of al types began to appear, in part due to European Imperialism. |
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Trinity Church, New York City
Richard Upjohn
1839-1846
- American Architects also embraced the principals of the Gothic Revival. |
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Academic Building
Samuel E. Gideon & F.E. Giesecke
1914
Texas A&M University
- Despite the appeal of Gothic Revival, the Neoclassical style was far more ubiquitous in America.
- The Classical Style Revival was so popular in America, because the "New Republic" of America modeled itself on the democracies of Ancient Greece and Rome
- This style can of architecture can be seen in Churches, Banks, Government buildings, and Schools (especially universities). |
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U.S. Capitol, Washington D.C.
Benjamin Henry Latrobe
c. 1808
Engraving by T. Sutherland, 1825 |
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| U.S. Capitol Pillar, Close-up |
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| Rendering of Latrobe's east elevation for remodeling the White House, c. 1807. Library of Congress. |
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Monticello
Thomas Jefferson
1769-1782, 1796-1809 |
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The University of Virginia, Charlottesville
Thomas Jefferson
Designed 1804-1817; constructed 1817-1828. |
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The University of Virginia, Charlottesville
Thomas Jefferson
Designed 1804-1817; constructed 1817-1828. |
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