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Large Animal Resp Issues
Pneumonia and Lungworm
14
Veterinary Medicine
Graduate
07/22/2015

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Term
Pneumonia
Definition
An acute or chronic disease marked by inflammation of the lungs and caused by viruses, bacteria, or other microorganisms and sometimes by physical and chemical irritants
Term
Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex
Definition
Pneumonia in cattle is usually a result of interactions between a complex mixture of pathogens and environmental stressors.
Term
BRD Factors
Definition
Non infectious Predisposing Factors

Infectious Predisposing Factors:
Viruses, Mycoplasma, Bacteria, Lungworm
Term
BRD Causes
Definition
Infections:
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)
Parainfluenza virus 3 (PI3)
Mycoplasma. bovis, M. dispar, Pasturella spp., Mannheima spp., Histophilus spp.

Individual calf factors: age, immunity, herd/calf BVDV status

Environment: housing, mixing
Term
Pasteurellaceae Family
Definition
Haemophilus, Histophilus, Actinobacillus, Pasteurella , Mannheimia and Bibersteinia Group
Gram negative, Non motile, Aerobic/facultatively anaerobic
Term
Trichostrongyloidea
Definition
Lungworn in Cattle
Dictyocaulus species
PATHOGENIC
Term
Metastrongyloidea
Definition
Indirect life cycle
not pathogenic
pigs/sheep/goats
Term
Dictyocaulus viviparus
Definition
Cattle Lungworm
eggs hatch in lungs, cough up/swallow/ GI Mucosa to lymph tissue. lymphovascular route to lungs.
Good immunity to D. viviparus after infection
Term
Dictyocaulus arnfieldi
Definition
Horse and Donkey
Term
Dictyocaulus filaria
Definition
Sheep and Goat
Term
Dictyocaulus eckerti
Definition
Deer and cervids
Term
Clinical signs of Parasitic Bronchitis
Definition
Mildly Affected: intermittent cough
Moderately affected: coughing at rest, tachypnoe (>60), hyperpnoea (crackles posterior lung lobes)
Severely affected: harsh cough, tachypnoea (>80), dyspnoea, mouth breathing
Term
Pathogenesis of Lungworms
Definition
Penetration phase : days 1-7 : larvae migrating to lungs (no pathology)
Prepatent phase : days 8-25 : larvae migrating up thru lungs
Patent phase : days 26-60 : mature adults present in airways
Postpatent phase : days 61-90 : adults expelled from airways (recovery)
Term
Vaccination of Bovine Lungworm
Definition
Vaccination with irradiated L3 vaccine (2 doses of 1000 irradiated L3s)
Vaccinate 1st season calves before turnout
Oral vaccine - bovilis huskvac (developed Glasgow Vet School)
Very effective - but not sterile immunity (don’t mix with unvaccinated)
Immunity boosted by infection
Available in UK and some parts of Europe
Short shelf life, POM-VPS
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