Term
| Site Design Performance Problem |
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Definition
| Recognize on site and off site automobile circulation factors and display understanding and response |
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Term
| Average Daily Traffic (ADT) |
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Definition
| Term most often used in describing traffic volumes. The total annual volume of traffic divided by 365 (number of days in the year) |
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Term
| Peak Hourly Volumes (PHV?) |
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Definition
| A better indication of the volumes of roadway, but not to be used itself because designing criteria is usually excessive |
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Term
| Design Hourly Volume (DHV) |
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Definition
| Design of roadways are usually based on this volume. It is approximately 15% more than Average Daily Traffic (ADT) and represents the volume of traffic that is tolerable for the average driver. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Gathers traffic from several local roads and directs traffic toward arterials. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Most commonly associated with residential streets. This provides for local traffic movement with direct access to adjacent properties and traffic control with stop signs. |
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Term
| Roadway Location Determinants |
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Definition
1. Present and proposed land uses
2. Present and proposed circulation routes (auto, pedestrians, bicycles, etc.)
3. Topography
4. Scenic opportunities
5. Safety
6. Respond to natural forces and features by respecting and accentuating qualities of landscape. |
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Term
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Definition
| The length of road clearly visible tto a driver. This is based on the eye height of an average driver seated in a passenger car being 3'-9" above the road surface |
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Term
| Safe Site Distance is a combination of two factors: |
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Definition
1. Perception/reaction distance
2. Braking distance |
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Term
Calculating perception/reaction distance:
(Don't memorize, be familiar) |
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Definition
PR = 1.47(t)(V)
PR = perception and reaction distance in feet
t = perception plus reaction time in seconds (2.5 seconds is accepted average)
V = initial velocity or speed in mph |
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|
Term
Calculating breaking distance:
(Don't memorize, be familiar) |
|
Definition
d = V (squared)/30f
d = braking distance in feet
V = initial velocity or speed in mph
F = coefficient of friction between tires and pavement |
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Term
|
Definition
| The term used to describe the area of oncoming traffic on an intersecting roadway that should be clearly visible to a driver stopped at the intersection. |
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Term
| Parking spaces relative to use: |
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Definition
beaches - 1 per/100 sf
pools - 1 per/30 sf
athletic field and courts -1 per/3000 sf
stadiums - 1 per/3 seats
golf course - 1 per/1 ac
hotels - 1 per/ 2 rooms
motels - 1 per/ 1 room
restaurants - 1 per/ 3-10 seats
college & high schools - 1 per/2-5 students
theaters & auditoriums - 1 per/5-10 seats
Industrial development - 1 per/ 2-5 employees
Multi-family development - 1 per/ 1/2-2/3 unit
churches - 10 seats
neighborhood shopping center - 1 per/ 125 sf
community shopping center - 1 per/ 145 sf
regional shopping center - 1 per/ 200 sf |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Parking for Residential Multi-family |
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Definition
| It is generally critical that one locate parking as close as possible to the user's residence with a maximum acceptable distance being 200' |
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Term
| Parking for Commercial/Industrial/Institutional |
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Definition
| Typical maximum acceptable distance between parking and primary entrance is 300' |
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Term
| Parking for Recreational Facilities |
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Definition
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Term
| Land uses commonly connected with a higher volume of bicycle traffic |
|
Definition
1. Schools
2. Parks and recreation facilities
3. Community activity centers
4. Employment concentrations
5. Shopping and community centers |
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Term
|
Definition
| Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices |
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Term
| Spacial requirement for a single pedestrian: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Average speed for a pedestrian: |
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Definition
| 260 ft/min, which is approximately a 20 minute mile. Grades up to 6% generally do not affect speed. |
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Term
| Eye level of the average adult pedestrian: |
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Definition
| 5'-2" when standing; 3'-9" when sitting |
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Term
| Cone of Vision (vertical) |
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Definition
| Based on the viewer's eyes being focused directly ahead. In this position one's best perception is narrowed to a 30 degree vertical cone of vision centered on eye level. |
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Term
| Cone of Vision (horizontal) |
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Definition
| 60 degrees centered directly ahead of the viewer. Objects within this area will be seen, but for objects to be clearly recognized they must be within a 12 degree cone centered on the direction of view. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Can be calculated given specific pedestrian volume, desired pedestrian density and pedestrian speed |
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Term
|
Definition
| Should not have only one riser. This is dangerous because the step will not be readily recognized. Even with 2 or 3 risers the stair should have features (color, railings, lighting, etc.) that help make it more readily recognized. Pedestrians generally prefer risers no less than 4 and no greater than 7 on outdo stairways |
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Term
| Functional Design Aspects of Plants |
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Definition
1. Directing views
2. Directing movement
3. Spatial definition
4. Screening
5. Physical control
6. Climate conrol |
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Term
| Quadrangles, Townships and Sections |
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Definition
| As our country grew there was a need to subdivide Federal land. In 1785, the Continental Congress initiated a rectangular system of dividing land into quadrangles, townships and sections |
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Term
| Baselines (quadrangles, townships and sections) |
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Definition
| Major horizontal divisions |
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Term
| Meridians (quadrangles, townships and sections) |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Defined by meridians and baselines places 24 miles apart. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Defined by quadrangles divided into 6-mile squares, measured north and south of the baseline |
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Term
|
Definition
| Measured east and west of the principle meridian. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Defined by a township divided into one-mile squares, *(approximately 640 acres)* There are 36 sections in a township |
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Term
| Quadrants or Sub-quadrants |
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Definition
| Defined by a section divided into 4, named as necessary to describe the property |
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Term
|
Definition
| The horizontal angle between the direction of the line and a line pointing true north. Bearings are always measured from either the north or south only, never east or west and the angular value is never greater than 90 degrees. |
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Term
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Definition
| Measure by a scale of 0-14, "Acid", "neutral" and "alkaline" describe pH soils or "soil reaction" |
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Term
|
Definition
| Refers to a pH less than 7. Are most common in areas with high rainfall and often high in organic matter |
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Term
|
Definition
| pH greater than 7, are most common in areas with low rainfall |
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Term
|
Definition
| pH equal to 7, most plants prefer pH from 6.5-7, however some prefer acid soils with a pH from 5.0-6.5 and others survive quite well with a pH from 7.5-8.0 |
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Term
|
Definition
| Refers to the relative percentages of the primary soil particles, or separates in a soil mass |
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Term
|
Definition
| Refers to arrangement of soil particles and how they are grouped together into aggregates |
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Term
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Definition
| The individual size groups of primary soil mineral particles of sand, silt, and clay |
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Term
|
Definition
| Largest mineral particle in soil separates, large pore space allowing aeration and rapid passage of water |
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Term
|
Definition
| Intermediate sized mineral particle of soil separates |
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Term
|
Definition
| Smallest mineral particle of the soil separates, slow drainage and poor aeration but has the best nutrient holding capacity of all the soil separates |
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Term
|
Definition
| Generally fertile and easily manageable soil consisting of sand (40%) and silt (40%), particles with some clay (20%). |
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Term
|
Definition
| Refers to excess salts in soils. This is common in arid areas of high rainfall. High salts can be a result of the quality of irrigation water, fertilizers, chemical amendments, or manures high in salt content. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Refers to a fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Refers to containing only one of the primary plant nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium |
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Term
|
Definition
| containing two of the primary plant nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorous, or potassium. Compositions of phos and potass are commonly used to improve flower production |
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Term
|
Definition
| Refers to the most essential elements necessary for plant growth: nitrogen, phosphorous, or potassium |
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Term
| Secondary Plant Nutrients |
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Definition
| Refers to three other essential elements necessary for plant growth: calcium, magnesium and sulfur. Often grouped with "micro nutrients" |
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Term
|
Definition
| Refers to the minor elements necessary for plant growth. These are essential for plant growth but are used in much smaller amounts than the other essential elements. They include boron, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc and sometimes calcium, magnesium and sulfur. These should not be applied as a shotgun application to cover possible deficiencies, but rather only when a need is recognized. |
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Term
|
Definition
| One of the primary nutrients. Required for the formation of proteins, chlorophyll and enzymes needed for the healthy development of cell structure |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the primary nutrients. Stimulates early root growth, plant maturity, and promotes flower and fruit production. |
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Term
|
Definition
| One of the primary nutrients. It stimulates root growth, aids in disease resistance, and improves flower and fruit production. |
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Term
| Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfur |
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Definition
| Secondary nutrients. Calcium is an essential part of cell formation and structure. Magnesium is essential for photosynthesis. Sulfur is used in protein synthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organic chemicals used to form strong bonds with nutrient metals (iron, zinc, manganese and copper) |
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Term
|
Definition
There are 3 classifications, all of which are used to improve soil structure, pH and/or fertility:
1.chemical
2.mineral
3.organic |
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Term
|
Definition
| Decomposed organic matter which can aid in flocculating clay soils and help increase water holding capacity and fertility of sandy soils |
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Term
|
Definition
| Refers to chemical amendment composed of calcium. Used to raise pH of overly acid soils, and to improve some clay soils by causing clay particles to bind together into larger units, improving aeration and drainage. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Refers to chemical amendment composed of calcium and sulfur. Used to improve some clay soils by causing clay particles to bind together into larger units, thus improving aeration and drainage. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which plants convert water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates under the action of light. Chlorophyll is required. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Loss of water vapor from the leaves and stems of living plants to the atmosphere. |
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Term
|
Definition
A condition, usually due to iron deficiency in which the body of the leaf is paler or more yellow than normal while the veins remain green. Iron deficiency, in this case, is either because iron is missing from the soil or because the iron is "tied up" and unavailable to the plant's roots.
A magnesium deficiency may also cause leaves to yellow while the veins remain green. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Refers to solutions which when applied to leaves partially seals the transpiring surfaces and reduces water loss. This may be used on container plants to minimize wilting and stress following planting or in preparation of leafy cuttings for rooting. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Tree or shrub trained so branching structure is emphasized and directed in a flat pattern against a wall, fence trellis, or other surface. The resulting pattern may be formal, geometric or informal. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Training of shrub or tree branching structure in an interwoven pattern. May result in a vertical hedge-type form or in the case of trees, an overhead natural arbor. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sever pruning of major deciduous tree limbs each dormant season o create large knobby core of branching structure. Results in an extremely compact leafy dome form during the growing season. |
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Term
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Definition
| Plant propagation often used to combine the favorable rooting characteristics of one species with the favorable top growth characteristics of another. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Composed of cells actively or potentially involved in cell division or growth. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The water-conducting tissue which comprises one half of the vascular system of plants. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The food-conducting tissue which comprises one half of the vascular system of plants. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Plants that complete their life cycle in a year or less |
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Term
|
Definition
| Plants that complete their life cycle in 2 years. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Non-woody plants that live for more than two years. Top growth of some perennials die back each year, but some perennials retain their growth continuously. |
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Term
|
Definition
Do not lose green color in cold temps.
Examples:
Lolium multiflorum - Annual Ryegrass
Agrostis tenuis - Colonial Bentgrass
Agrostis palustris - Creeping Bentgrass
Agrostis spp. cv "Highland" - Highland bentgrass
Poa pratensis - Kentucky Bluegrass
Lolium perenne - Perennial Ryegrass
Festuca rubra - Red fescue
Festuca arundinacea - Tall fescue
Puccinellia distans - Weeping alkaligrass |
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Term
|
Definition
Lose green color in dormant weather.
Examples:
Cynodon dactylon - Bermudagrass common
Cynondon spp. - Bermudagrass hybrid
Dichondra micrantha - Dichondra
Pennisetum clandestinum - Kikuyugrass
Paspalum vaginatum - Seashore paspalum
Stenotaphrum secundatum - St. Augustinegrass
Zoysia spp. - Zoysiagrass |
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Term
|
Definition
| The moisture content of living and dead plant material as it influences flammability and fire behavior. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The amount of plant material per unit area as it influences flammability and fire behavior. Fuel loading generally increases as plants mature and become old. |
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Term
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Definition
| The relative amounts of dead plant material as it influences flammability and fire behavior as fuel. Generally increases as plants mature and become old. |
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Term
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Definition
| In relation to plant material, this refers to the differences in fuel volume, inherent flammability characteristics of a plant, and the ease of fire spread. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Relative to fire safety this refers to the direct transfer of heat by objects touching each other. An example would be the transfer of heat from burning plant material to a structure it is planted against. |
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Term
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Definition
| Relative to fire safety, the transfer of heat by atmospheric currents. In windy conditions or steep terrain the effects of convection greatly influence flammability and fire behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Relative to fire safety, the transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves, can travel against the forces of wind. Can preheat a neighboring home to the ignition point without direct physical contact with the flames of the fire. |
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Term
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Definition
| The water repellent characteristic of certain soils. Fires can cause soils to become hydrophobic. Results in decreased infiltration and increased runoff, thus influencing the amount of potential erosion. |
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Term
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Definition
| An unidirectional change in the composition of a plant ecosystem. It is a result of plants responding to and modifying the environment. Plant succession is often a result of fire. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Includes primarily grasses and other herbaceous plant material. These are characterized by extremely low fuel moisture and high dead-to-live ratio during the summer season, thus creating a high fire hazard. This succession generally lasts approx 2-3 years. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Includes growth of woody plants. Greatly reduces the fire danger due to a relatively high fuel moisture and low dead-to-live ratio. However, without thinning by man, the fuel loading and dead to live ratio will increase to a point of high fire hazard after approximately 10 years. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The main objective in watershed management is to maintain vigorous multi aged stands of vegetation which will have high fuel moisture, low fuel loading and a low dead to live ratio. Results in a lower fire hazard and better rebound in the case that a fire does occur. Minimizing the loss of soil stabilizing plant material also allows better rainfall infiltration and prevents extensive runoff that could result in soil erosion problems. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The steepest angle that bare soil will maintain. Approx 34 degrees for most natural slopes. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The wearing away of land surface by the forces of water, wind, ice and/or gravity. Landslides, soil slip and dry creep are all types of erosion. Two other common types are rill erosion (formation of numerous small channels only several inches deep) and sheet erosion (removal of a relatively uniform layer of soil). |
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Term
|
Definition
| A type of erosion which generally occurs on a steep slopes lacking vegetative cover. It involves the movement of dry soil and/or debris primarily as a reaction to the forces of gravity rather than water. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A type of erosion which generally occurs when soils on slopes become saturated with water. Along with soil slippage these account for almost 50% of the total erosion occurring in most watersheds. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A type of erosion similar to landslides, but of a lesser magnitude. |
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Term
| Low Level Landscape Lights |
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Definition
Heights generally less than 6'
Incandescent, fluorescent, mercury vapor, or pressure sodium
Generally landscape and pathway lighting
High susceptibility to vandalism
Possible glare problems when below eye level |
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Term
| Intermediate Height Lights |
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Definition
Heights generally 10'-15'
Incandescent, mercury vapor, metal halide or pressure sodium
Generally pedestrian area light
Medium to high susceptibility to vandalism
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Term
| Parking lot and Roadway Lights |
|
Definition
Heights range from 20'-50'
Mercury vapor, metal halide or pressure sodium
Generally street, parking lot, recreational, commercial, or industrial area lighting
Low to medium susceptibility to vandalism |
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Term
|
Definition
Heights range from 60'-100'
Mercury vapor, metal halide, or pressure sodium
Generally large parking areas, highway interchanges and recreational areas
Fixtures are lowered for maintenance. |
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Term
|
Definition
| When object is viewed from one direction, accent lights can be placed above grade but should be aimed away from view points to prevent glare. When view points surround the object being lighted, then louvered well light may be most successful but must be placed well under the tree canopy close to the trunk to provide the best effect. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A wash of light usually against a wall or building facade to provide contrast to object in foreground. Can be used to provide interest while also providing security lighting around structures. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Well-directed lighting of a specific object. This is usually accomplished with a well shielded fixture and a spot type lamp. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Area lighting that is directed, but casts light on a greater area than spot lighting |
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Term
|
Definition
| Generally is spread lighting, but at a height below eye level |
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Term
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Definition
| Unit of measurement that refers to the amount of light energy emitted by a light source without regard to the effectiveness of its distribution |
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Term
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Definition
| Unit of measurement that refers to illumination incident at a specific point. One foot candle is equal o one lumen uniformly distributed over an area of one square foot. |
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Term
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Definition
| Comparable to foot candle, it is the international unit of measurement that refers to the illumination incident at a specific point. Equal to one lumen uniformly distributed over one square meter. |
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Term
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Definition
| Amount of illumination incident on a surface varies with the intensity of the source, the distance between the source and the surface, and the angle of incidence |
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Term
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Definition
| Literally means the power to produce an effect. It is the measurement of how efficiently a lamp converts electric power (watts) into light energy (lumens). This doesn't consider effectiveness of illumination i.e. a lamp with high efficacy will not necessarily give better illumination than a less efficient lamp. |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the reduction of lamp output (lumens) during the life of a lamp which results in a reduction of illumination. Deposits of dirt on the lamp or fixture will result in a further reduction of illumination. To compensate for this expected loss a maintenance factor of 50% or more may be used for lighting design of outdoor fixtures. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Used to illustrate the illumination data (distribution of candlepower) of lighting fixtures at a specific height and/or layout position. These charts are an aid in determining spacing of light sources. Charts may be used to demonstrate distribution on a vertical or horizontal plane. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two aspects in color characteristics of lamps should b considered in lighting design: the apparent color and the color rendering. The apparent color is described by color temperatures from warm to cool in appearance. Aesthetics are the basis for deciding on one or the other. Generally warm colors tend to be favored when illumination is low and cooler colors are more desirable for high lighting levels. The color rendering refers to how the perception of an objects true color is affected by illumination. |
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Term
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Definition
A spatial distribution of the various land uses, which will result in a compatible arrangement of land uses
A spatial distribution of the various land uses, which maintains biodiversity and will result in the protection and wise use of the region's natural resources, including is soils, inland lakes and streams, groundwater, wetlands woodlands, prairies, wildlife and natural areas and critical species habitats
A spatial distribution of the various land uses, which is properly related to the supporting transportation, utility, and public facility systems
The development and preservation of residential areas within a physical environment that is healthy, safe, convenient and attractive
The preservation, development and redevelopment of a variety of suitable industrial commercial sites, in terms of both physical characteristics and location |
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Term
|
Definition
| The best way to focus the client's attention on individual elements, effectively convey ideas for various site components, and simplify the client's choices |
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Term
| Fundamental Use Diagram (FUD) |
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Definition
| Used to determine the arrangement and relationships of program elements within a site. Illustrates general project components while taking into consideration the component's sizes, shapes and relationships to one another |
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Term
|
Definition
| Accounts for and defines the work to be completed, the deadlines, the cost for each task and the parties responsible for completing the work (internal or subtracted) |
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Term
| Defining a Project and Eliciting Client Needs |
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Definition
| Determine the client's goals, tasks that will need to be performed, and timetables associated with the project. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Generally completed to determine if a site is appropriate for the intended development and what the associated costs will be. |
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Term
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Definition
| A good way to discover the attitudes of a wide variety of potential users. hey also allow groups to discuss topics in depth, and they provide opportunities for the participants views to be considered. Focus group conversations tend to be spontaneous and with a good moderator, focus groups can elicit solutions to a variety of potential project concerns. A client can be involved or at least observe the proceedings. |
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Term
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Definition
| May or may not be associated with a larger project component. Has a definable scope, requires a lot of effort, and has a start and completion date. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Defined as general statements of intent, identify thoughts and ideas that should be addressed by the design solution |
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Term
|
Definition
| Defined as more specific statements regarding the methods of accomplishing goals, are more action oriented. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A survey technique that describes an area of land by means of a series of connected lines. May be either open or closed depending on what is being surveyed. Roads are typically open traverses, while property boundaries are closed. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A way of determining a distance based on the height observations of a 6 ft. object. This practice is not used to survey a site boundary. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The act of determining the elevations of certain points or arbitrary points. This is typically done to determine the topography of a site. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process for taking vertical measurement and is typically used on extremely hilly sites. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A plant condition caused by iron deficiency, either because iron is missing from the soil or because the iron is unavailable to the plant's roots. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fungal problem that is characterized by a white powdery growth on the tops and sometimes the bottoms of leaves. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The appearance of dark brown spots on leaves, in concentric zones of discoloration. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Disorder that causes a single stem to appear as if it were several stems fused together. Caused by frost, insect or physical damage to a stem early in its development. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Numbered in a right-to-left and left-to-right fashion. They always start in the northeast quadrant (and right to left). |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ability of soil to become deformed without breaking apart. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ability of soil to return to its original shape after being subjected to a load condition. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Minimum moisture content at which soil will flow under its own weight. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ability of soil to transfer water. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Should look at all aspects of a site then evaluate them to give clients a justification for why design components are placed where they are. Inventory and analysis should be completed in a fashion, either graphically or in written form, understandable to the client. *It makes relationships between various features, systems, dominant patterns and contraints understandable. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A wetland that receives nutrients from groundwater and has non-acidic peats. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A periodically inundated wetland that may or may not have water present. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A wetland associated with saltwater. |
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Term
| Riparian Forested Wetland |
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Definition
| Associated with a river or a stream. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Shows topography of general wetland areas, lakes and streams, as well as township, range and section information. Additionally, new construction since the last printing will generally be shown in purple. |
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Term
| Comprehensive Community Master Plan |
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Definition
| A general guide on how a community would like to develop in the future. Looks at existing zoning, but growth areas indicated may not be a direct reflection of how the city has developed up to such a point. Not a legally binding document, although it may influence how a board votes upon certain proposed developments. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Best used to illustrate a city's districts and is used to control growth. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Used to locate building and land in order to establish or determine their worth. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Used to show how a city may be developed over time. It generally relates to a zoning map, in that certain areas may remain as they are, but other areas may become residiential where commercial or industrial structures once stood. An example is an old warehouse district in a metropolitan area being turned into flats or mixed-use housing. This would first be part of a master plan and then enacted by zoning. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Tend to look at how an area is being used and developed an dhow such use may project into future uses |
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|
Term
| Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) |
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Definition
| Per the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is an assessment performed by an environmental professional that includes three tasks: interviews and site reconnaissance, review and interpretation of information and oversight of the report writing process. A phase I ESA consists of the following four components: 1. A more thorough review of records 2. A site visit 3. Interviews with the own and/or operator of the property 4. Report documentation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Highly saturated soil where little or no usable oxygen is present (anaerobic) |
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Term
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Definition
| Means there will be drainage problems and possibly wetland conflicts. |
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Term
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Definition
- Between 8.5 and 8.0 is medium alkaline
- Between 8.0 and 7.0 is slightly alkaline Between 7.0 and 6.0 is slightly acidic
- Between 6.0 and 5.5 is medium acidic
- Below 5.5 is strongly acidic
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Term
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Definition
| The climate of a small area that differs from that of the surrounding regional area. It may be warmer or colder, wetter or drier, or more or less prone to frosts than the surrounding area. Can be small (such as a protected patio adjacent to a building, which would be warmer than an exposed neighboring prairie) or extensive (such as a coastal forest extending several miles inland from a large body of water that moderates temperature). |
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Term
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Definition
| Best used to determine a site's past use. |
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Term
| Sediment (from a construction site) |
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Definition
| Causes a variety of problems: a decline in water quality, aquatic vegetation, recreation and navigation; unwanted biological growth, algal blooms and increased turbidity; decreased flow capacity; and frequent flooding in areas that never or rarely flooded in the past. Does NOT decrease the capacity of storm drainage systems. |
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Term
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Definition
| An official revision to the currently effective FEMA map. It is used to change flood elevations, flood zones, floodplain and floodway delineations, and planimentric features |
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Term
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Definition
| Rock that has been crushed or broken to form sharp-angled edges that help with interlocking and maintaining beter connectivity when sheer forces are applied. Used in areas where erosion is prevalent and rills or channels are developing. |
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Term
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Definition
| U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency[Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction] and is tasked with responding to, planning for, overseeing recovery from and mitigating against disasters, including floods. |
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Term
| Influences of Runoff Volume |
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Definition
The amount of runoff is determined by the size (area) of the watershed and the amount of water entering and leaving the watershed. The watershed influences the amount of runoff, in that the smaller the watershed is, the less water will be collected. Existing storm drainage systems will also influence amount because they allow water to be released.
Amount is NOT influenced by site slope. |
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Term
| Factors Affecting Runoff Amount |
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Definition
| The amount of runoff is affected by the watershed boundary because the amount of water entering a watershed corresponds to the watershed's size. Surface type also affects runoff concentrations. Amount of rainfall also relates directly to the runoff amount. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sign of increased nitrogen loading a water body or wetland |
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Term
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Definition
| Typically thrive when high amounts of nitrogen are available. |
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Term
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Definition
| Illustrate the amounts of the various components on a site. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Should extend at least 100ft. in all directions
2. Gravel pathways, shrub beds and rock mulch adjacent to the structure must be maintained.
3. Native wood plants should occur intermittently
4. Tree limbs should not touch or hang over the structure
5. Living plants should be arranged irregularly so that the fuel supply is discontinuous. |
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Term
| Site Noise Considerations |
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Definition
| Intensity, source, duration, direction, and type should all be reviewed, documented and mitigated as necessary. |
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Term
| Site-Use Components (graphic) |
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Definition
| Generally shown as bubbles and used to show the relative sizes of the components and can be moved and rearranged while maintaining the site area and required buffer. |
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Term
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Definition
| A road that gathers traffic from several local roads and directs traffic toward arterials. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most commonly associated with residential streets. |
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Term
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Definition
| Residential Streets with very limited traffic volume. Provide privacy and allow for selective use. They also present access difficulties (safety & security) and are therefore limited in length. |
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Term
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Definition
| Allows landscape architect to analyze neighborhood characteristics, compare a city's neighborhoods median income, and determine data projections of housing needs. |
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Term
| Farmland Preservation Plans |
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Definition
| Allow for land to be preserved as open space and may allow for future recreation. The adoption of a farmland preservation plan also limits land development, thereby limiting the amount of construction permitted on the land. |
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Term
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Definition
| List of all the elements and requirements the design solution must include and satisfy |
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Term
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Definition
Design and construction
Programming and analysis
Bidding and contracting (including cost estimating not financining)
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Term
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Definition
| Planned unit development. Cluster housing is generally a compononent of PUD. |
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Term
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Definition
| Generally contain contour lines, high and low points, all water boundaries (including floodplains) and all property lines with bearings and distances. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which a surveyor references a known poiint, such as a benchmark point on a curb, a building floor elevation or possible a manhole cover. |
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Term
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Definition
| The point to which a surveyor backchecks |
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Term
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Definition
| The process surveyors use to determine a new point and elevation when they are looking through the instrument. |
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Term
| Capitol Improvements Program |
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Definition
| Provides information on which city services are to be upgraded, repaired, or constructed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Causes leaves to turn yellow between the veins and may eventually cause them to fall off, resulting in the death of the plant. This may occur even when fertilizer has been applied to the soil. The iron is tied up in the soil due to a high or low pH. |
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Term
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Definition
| Would burn a plant's roots and kill the plant without changing its leaf color. |
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Term
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Definition
| Causes roots to rot and therefore kills the afflicted plant. |
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Term
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Definition
| Road that provides for large volumes of traffic to flow with minimal stsops. |
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Term
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Definition
| A survey of a site's resources. A quantative value may be placed on each resource and its benefit. This value may then be used when determining which areas of a site are most compatible with a type of development. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of the physical features of the earth's surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| The physical features of a tract of land. Terrain also has a bearing on how a site is developed. The more rock the terrain, the less likely homes are to be developed there. A rocky terrain may be more suitable for a roadway or some other use. |
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Term
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Definition
| A highly saturated soil where little or no usable oxygen is present (anaerobic). |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability of a soil to hold together under pressure from a downhill force. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability of soil to safely carry the pressure placed on the soil by any engineered structure, without undergoing a shear failure due to accompanying large settlements. The more stable a soil is, the higher the bearing capacity will be, which reduces the likelihood that the soil will succumb to a sheer force. |
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Term
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Definition
gross density = (no. of units)(Atotal)(Sdevelopable)
Atotal
*Example Variables = 4.0 DU/AC, 33% Nondevelopable, 233 AC total site area
gross density = 4 (233) (.67)
233
gross density = 2.68 DU/AC |
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Term
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Definition
| Based on the hydraulic properties of a drainage area. Typically, as an area becomes saturated, more water is likely to run off than during the intial stages of rainfall. |
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Term
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Definition
| The most productive of all ecosystems. Tidal (ocean-influenced) wetlands are always more productive than any other type and are the most sensitive of the wetlands. |
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Term
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Definition
| Involves minimizing disturbance to the land by designing to the land. Includes factors such as minimizing the amount of over-lot grading and avoiding sensitive areas such as wetlands and regionally important ecosystems. Examples of regional ecosystems are tidal saltwater marchers, oak-hickory savanna, tall and short grass prairies and boreal forest. Also, looks at a way of buffering and accentuating areas of importance on a site. |
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Term
| Developer's Responsibility (utilities) |
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Definition
| Responsible for paying and installing the storm sewerr, the sanitary sewer and the water lines (also known as the we utilities). |
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Term
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Definition
net density = (development limit) (Atotal) (Sdevelopable)
Atotal (Sdevelopable)
*Example Variables = 4.0 DU/AC, 33% Nondevelopable, 233 AC total site
net density = 4 (233) (.67)
(233) (.67)
net density = 4 DU/AC |
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Term
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Definition
| Design changes in a roadway that cause a driver to tinerpret the surrounding differently or slow down. |
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Term
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Definition
| Generally designated for areas that would benefit from increased open space and high concentrations of density. |
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Term
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Definition
| The rational method for preparing storm water calculations and sizing pipe. Q is the amount of water in cubic feet. C is the coefficient of runoff and is based on the typeof groundcover, generally pervious or impervious. A is the size of the watershed or area collecting water. i is the amount of rainfall over a given time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Characterized by sphagnum moss, low nutrient content, and acidic peat formations. Their sole water source is rainfall. |
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Term
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Definition
| Soil type (hydric), vegetation, hydrology, and length of time water is present are all used. |
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Term
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Definition
| A process of tracking wetland and upland buffer credits that are designated for replacement of future wetland losses. Does not typically eliminate the loss of larger low-quality wetlands. In fact, many wetlands once drained by farms or wetlands of low quality are converted, planted, and enlarged for use in wetland banking. |
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