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Language
Use for Test
21
Social Studies
9th Grade
03/22/2013

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Term
Language
Definition
A set of sounds combinations of sounds and symbols that are used for communication
Term
Standard Language
Definition
One that is published, widely distributed and purposefully taught.
Term
Dialect
Definition
Variants of a standard language along regional or ethnic lines.
Term
Isogloss
Definition
A geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs.
Term
Mutual Intelligibility
Definition
Means that two people can understand each other when speaking
Term
Dialect Chains
Definition
Dialects distributed across space
Term
Language families
Definition
Classification of large scale languages
Term
Subfamilies
Definition
The commonalities are more definite and the origin is more recent
Term
Sound Shift
Definition
A slight change in a word across languages within a subfaimily or through a language family from the present backward towards its origin
Term
Proto-Indo-European
Definition
The proposed existence of an ancestral Indo-European language, the name of it
Term
Backward Reconstuction
Definition
To track sound shifts and hardening of consonants backward toward the original language
Term
Extinct language
Definition
A language without any native speaker
Term
Nostratic Language
Definition
It is considered to be the oldest language of the indo european launguage family
Term
Language Divergence
Definition
Where a lack of spatial interaction among speakers of a language breaks the language into dialects then through continued isolation divides the language into discrete languages
Term
Language Convergence
Definition
Takes place if people with different languages have consistent spatial interaction, it collapses the two languages into one.
Term
Renfrew Hypothsis
Definition
Claims that from Anatolia diffused Europe's Indo European languages, from the wester are the fertile Crescent came the languages of North Africa and Arabia and from the Fertile Crescents easter arc ancient language spread into Present-day Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India
Term
Conquest theory
Definition
Early speakers spread westward on horse back overpowering earlier inhabitants
Term
Dispersal hypothesis
Definition
Despite the genetic gradient identified in Europe some linguistic geographers continued to prefere this theory
Term
Romance Language
Definition
French, Spanish, Italian, Romanian, and Portugese
Term
Germanic Language
Definition
English, German, Danish, Norwegian, and swedish
Term
Slavic language
Definition
Russian,Polish, Czech, Slovak,Ukranian, Solvenian,Bulgarian
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