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LaFleur Medical Terminology
Ch. 12 Flashcards: The Eye
112
Medical
Undergraduate 1
03/16/2006

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Term
Sclera
Definition
Outer protective layer of the eye; anteriorly referred to as the white of the eye.
Term
Cornea
Definition
Transparent anterior part of the sclera, which is in front of the aqueous humor and lies over the iris.
Term
Choroid
Definition
Middle layer of the eye, which is interlaced with many blood vessels.
Term
Iris
Definition
The pigmented muscular structure that allows light to pass through.
Term
Pupil
Definition
Opening in the center of the iris.
Term
Lens
Definition
Lies directly behind the pupil. Its function is to focus and bend light.
Term
Retina
Definition
Innermost layer of the eye, which contains the vision receptors.
Term
Aqueous Humor
Definition
Watery liquid found in the anterior cavity of the eye.
Term
Vitreous Humor
Definition
Jelly-like substance found behind the lens in the posterior cavity of the eye that maintains its shape.
Term
Meibomian glands
Definition
Oil glands found in the upper and lower edges of the eyelids that help lubricate the eye.
Term
Berimal Glands and Ducts
Definition
Produce and drain tears.
Term
Optic nerve
Definition
Carries visual impulses from the retina to the brain.
Term
Conjunctiva
Definition
Mucous membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior portion of the sclera.
Term
Blephar/o
Definition
Eyelid
Term
Conjunctiv/o
Definition
Conjunctiva
Term
Cor/o, Core/o, Pupill/o
Definition
Pupil
Term
Corne/o, Kerat/o
Definition
Cornea
Term
Dacry/o, lacrim/o
Definition
Tear, tear duct
Term
Irid/o, iri/o
Definition
Iris
Term
Ocul/o, ophthalm/o
Definition
Eye
Term
Opt/o
Definition
Vision
Term
Retin/o
Definition
Retina
Term
Scler/o
Definition
Sclera
Term
Cry/o
Definition
Cold
Term
Dipl/o
Definition
Two, double
Term
Phot/o
Definition
Light
Term
Ton/o
Definition
Tension, pressure
Term
Bi-, bin-
Definition
Two
Term
-ician
Definition
One who
Term
-opia
Definition
Vision (condition)
Term
-phobia
Definition
Abnormal fear of or aversion to specific things.
Term
-plegia
Definition
Paralysis
Term
Blepharitis
Definition
Inflammation of the eyelid.
Term
Blepharoptosis
Definition
Drooping of the eyelid.
Term
Conjunctivitis
Definition
Inflammation of the conjunctiva.
Term
Dacryocystitis
Definition
Inflammation of the tear (lacrimal) sac.
Term
Diplopia
Definition
Double vision
Term
Endophthalmitis
Definition
Inflammation within the eye.
Term
Iridoplegia
Definition
Paralysis of the iris.
Term
Iritis
Definition
Inflammation of the iris
Term
Keratitis
Definition
Inflammation of the cornea.
Term
Leukocoria
Definition
Condition of white pupil.
Term
Oculomycosis
Definition
Abnormal condition of the eye caused by a fungus.
Term
Ophthalmalgia
Definition
Pain in the eye.
Term
Ophthalmoplegia
Definition
Paralysis of the eye (muscle).
Term
Photophobia
Definition
Abnormal fear of (sensitivity to) light.
Term
Retinoblastoma
Definition
Tumor arising from the developing retinal cell (it is a congenital, hereditary, malignant tumor).
Term
Sclerokeratitis
Definition
Inflammation of the sclera and cornea.
Term
Scleromalacia
Definition
Softening of the sclera.
Term
Astigmatism
Definition
Defective curvature of the refractive surface of the eye.
Term
Cataract
Definition
Clouding of the lens of the eye.
Term
Chalazion
Definition
Obstruction of the oil gland of the eyelid, also called meibomian cyst.
Term
Detached retina
Definition
Separation of the retina from the choroid in back of the eye.
Term
Emmetropia (Em)
Definition
Normal refractive condition of the eye.
Term
Glaucoma
Definition
Abnormally increased intraocular tension.
Term
Hyperopia
Definition
Farsightedness
Term
Macular degeneration
Definition
A progressive deterioration of the portion of the retina called the macula lutea, resulting in loss of central vision.
Term
Myopia
Definition
Nearsightedness
Term
Nyctalopia
Definition
Poor vision at night or in faint light.
Term
Nystagmus
Definition
Involuntary, rhythmic movements of the eyes.
Term
Presbyopia
Definition
Impaired vision as a result of aging.
Term
Pterygium
Definition
Thin tissue growing into the cornea from the conjunctiva, usually caused from sun exposure.
Term
Retinitis pigmentosa
Definition
Hereditary, progressive disease marked by night blindness with atrophy and retinal pigment changes.
Term
Strabismus
Definition
Abnormal condition of squint or crossed eyes caused by the visual axes not meeting at the same point.
Term
Sty
Definition
Infection of the oil gland of the eyelid.
Term
Blepharoplasty
Definition
Surgical repair of the eyelid.
Term
Cryoretinopexy
Definition
Surgical fixation of the retina by extreme cold (liquid nitrogen).
Term
Dacryocystorhinostomy
Definition
Creation of an artificial opening between the tear (lacrimal) sac and the nose (to restore drainage into the nose when the nasolacrimal duct is obstructed or obliterated).
Term
Dacryocystotomy
Definition
Incision into the tear sac.
Term
Iridectomy
Definition
Excision (of part) of the iris
Term
Keratoplasty
Definition
Surgical repair of the cornea (corneal transplant)
Term
Sclerotomy
Definition
Incision into the sclera
Term
Enucleation
Definition
Surgical removal of the eye (also, the removal of any organ that comes out clean and whole)
Term
LASIK (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis)
Definition
A laser procedure that reshapes the corneal tissue beneath the surface of the cornea to correct astigmatism, nearsightedness (myopia), and farsightedness. LASIK is a combination of Excimer laser and lamellar keratoplasty. It differs from PRK in that it reshapes corneal tissue beneath the surface rather than on the surface.
Term
Phacoemulsification
Definition
Method to remove cataracts in which an ultrasonic needle probe breaks up the lens, which is then aspirated.
Term
PRK (photorefractive keratectomy)
Definition
A procedure for the treament of nearsightedness in which an EXcimer laser is used to reshape (flatten) the corneal surface.
Term
Radial keratotomy (RK)
Definition
Surgery in which spoke-like incisions are made to reshape the cornea, thus correcting nearsightedness.
Term
Radial keratotomy (RK)
Definition
Surgery in which spoke-like incisions are made to reshape the cornea, thus correcting nearsightedness.
Term
Retinal Photocoagulation
Definition
A procedure to repair tears in the retina by use of an intense, precisely focused light beam, which causes coagulation of the tissue protein.
Term
Scleral buckling
Definition
A procedure to repair a detached retina. A strip of sclera is resected, or a fold is made in the sclera. An implant is inserted with sutures to hold and buckle the sclera.
Term
Trabeculectomy
Definition
Surgical creation of a drain to reduce intraocular pressure.
Term
Vitrectomy
Definition
Surgical removal of all or part of the vitreous humor.
Term
Fluorescein angiography
Definition
Process of recording (photographic) blood vessels (of the eye using fluorescing dye).
Term
Keratometer
Definition
Instrument used to measure (the curvature of) the cornea (used for fitting contact lenses)
Term
Ophthalmoscope
Definition
Instrument used for visual examination of (the interior) of the eye.
Term
Ophthalmoscopy
Definition
Visual examination of the eye
Term
Optometry
Definition
Measurement of vision (acuity and the prescribing of corrective lenses)
Term
Pupillometer
Definition
Instrument used to measure (the width and diameter of) the pupil.
Term
Pupilloscope
Definition
Instrument used for visual examination of the pupil.
Term
Tonometer
Definition
Instrument used to measure pressure (within the eye, used to diagnose glaucoma).
Term
Tonometry
Definition
Measurment of pressure (within the eye)
Term
Binocular
Definition
Pertaining to two or both eyes
Term
Corneal
Definition
Pertaining to the cornea
Term
Intraocular
Definition
Pertaining to within the eye
Term
Lacrimal
Definition
Pertaining to tears or tear ducts
Term
Nasolacrimal
Definition
Pertaining to the nose and tear ducts
Term
Ophthalmic
Definition
Pertaining to the eye
Term
Ophthalmologist
Definition
Physician who studies and treats diseases od the eye.
Term
Ophthalmology (OPHTH)
Definition
Study of the eye
Term
Ophthalmopathy
Definition
(any) disease of the eye
Term
Optic
Definition
Pertaining to vision
Term
Optician
Definition
One who is skilled in filling prescriptions for lenses.
Term
Pupillary
Definition
Pertaining to the pupil
Term
Retinal
Definition
Pertaining to the retina
Term
Retinopathy
Definition
(any noninflammatory) disease of the retina (such as diabetic retinopathy)
Term
Miotic
Definition
Agent that constricts the pupil
Term
Mydriatic
Definition
Agent the dilates the pupil
Term
Oculus Dexter (OD)
Definition
Medical term for right eye
Term
Oculus Sinister (OS)
Definition
Medical term for left eye
Term
Oculus Uterque (OU)
Definition
Medical term for each eye
Term
Optometrist
Definition
A health professional who prescribes corrective lenses and/or eye exercises
Term
Visual Acuity (VA)
Definition
Sharpness of vision for either distance or nearness
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