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Lab Midterm
N/A
84
Microbiology
Undergraduate 4
02/27/2012

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Simple microscope
Definition
microscope with one lens
Term
compound microscope
Definition
microscope with two lenses
Term
total magnification equation
Definition
objective magnification X ocular magnification
Term
oil immersion lens
Definition
lens which prevents light loss due to diffraction
Term
light intensity decreases, contrast improves, depth of field increases, limit resolution
Definition
what happens as you close down the diaphragm on the microscope?
Term
d= wavelength/2*NA
Definition
resolution equation
Term
resolution definition
Definition
smallest distance between two objects which can be seen as separate or the diameter of the smallest resolvable object
Term
decrease wavelength; increase NA
Definition
how to improve resolution?
Term
diplo (1)
strepto (1)
tetra (2)
staphy (3 irregular)
sarcinae (3 regular)
Definition
5 types of cocci
Term
cocco
fusiform
filamentous
Definition
3 types of bacillus
Term
cationic, anionic, fat soluble, insoluble
Definition
4 types of dyes
Term
methylene blue and crystal violet
Definition
cationic dyes
Term
acid fuschin, congo red, nigrosin
Definition
anionic dyes
Term
sudan black
Definition
fat soluble dyes
Term
india ink
Definition
insoluble dyes
Term
negative staining

nigrosin and india ink
Definition
stains background, not the cell in brightfield

give dyes used
Term
simple staining

methylene blue and crystal violet
Definition
one dye used to stain all cells the same color

give dyes used
Term
differential staining
Definition
staining which causes cells to stain differently based on properties of the cells
Term
gram +
Definition
these microorganisms have a higher peptidoglycan and lower lipid content in their cell wall than their opposite
Term
crystal violet, iodine, ethyl alcohol, saffranin
Definition
4 stains used for gram stain
Term
acid fast
Definition
microorganisms which have a high wax content in cell walls compared to counterparts
Term
carbol fuschin, steam, acid alcohol, methylene blue
Definition
4 stains for acid fast test
Term
mycobacterium and nocardia
Definition
two genera of acid fast organisms
Term
spore staining
Definition
staining procedure used for structure
Term
endospores (free spores)
Definition
heat and chemical resistant structures
Term
green vs pink
Definition
color of endospores vs sporangium
Term
bacillus, clostridium and sporsarcinae
Definition
3 genera of spore forming organisms
Term
bacillus
Definition
aerobic, gram + spore
Term
clostridium
Definition
anaerobic, gram + spore
Term
sporsarcinae
Definition
cocci spore
Term
malachite green, steam, water, saffranin
Definition
4 stains for structural (spore) staining technique
Term
natural media
Definition
media of raw materials whose composition is unknown
Term
synthetic media
Definition
media whose composition is known and is desgined for isolation, selection or differentiation
Term
selective and differential
Definition
2 sub-categories of synthetic media
Term
selective media
Definition
media which favors the growth of one microorganism over another
Term
differential media
Definition
media which distinguishes between different types of microorganisms
Term
phenylethyl alcohol agar
Definition
selects for gram + microorganisms
Term
desocycholate agar (and eosin methylene blue)
Definition
selects for gram - microorganisms which are lactose fermentors
Term
eosin methylene blue
Definition
selects for gram - microorganisms and further differentiates lactose + fermentors
Term
mixed acid
Definition
fermentors which produce more acid and have colonies with dark centers and metallic green halos
Term
e coli
Definition
example of mixed acid fermentor
Term
butanediol fermentors
Definition
produce less acid and have pale pink to lavender centers without metallic green halos
Term
enterobacteria
Definition
example of butanediol fermentor
Term
gamma hemolysis
Definition
no blood hemolysis, no zone of in blood agar
Term
alpha hemolysis
Definition
partial hemolysis, some clearing in blood agar (sometimes looks green)
Term
beta hemolysis
Definition
complete hemolysis, complete clearing in blood agar
Term
starch agar
Definition
tests for the presence of amylase
Term
blue/black
Definition
color for positive test in starch agar
Term
milk agar
Definition
tests for the presence of caseinase
Term
clear
Definition
color of milk agar when positive for enzyme
Term
lipase
Definition
tests for lipase
Term
dark blue
Definition
positive lipase test color
Term
yellow
Definition
if microorganism is able to ferment sugar, what color will it be?
Term
gas bubble in durham tube
Definition
how to know if microorganism produces gas?
Term
alkaline reaction; dark red color
Definition
what will happen if microorganism does not ferment sugar?
Term
methyl red
Definition
test for mixed acid fermentor
Term
voges-proskauer
Definition
tests for 2,3 butanediol fermentation
Term
barrit's reagents (VPI alpha-naphthol and VPII KOH)
Definition
reagents used in VP
Term
red
Definition
color for 2,3 butanediol producer
Term
catalase
Definition
enzyme which converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen
Term
oxygen bubbles
Definition
how to know if catalase is present
Term
oxidase
Definition
enzyme which can oxidize aromatic amines to form colored products
Term
dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine hydrochloride
Definition
amine used to test for oxidase
Term
sulfanilic acid and dimethyl-alpha-naphthylamine
Definition
reagents added to broth in nitrate test
Term
red
Definition
color of broth for nitrate positive?
Term
zinc; if turn red, nitrate -; if not, nitrate +
Definition
if broth is not colored in nitrate test, what is added? what are the conclusions?
Term
kovac's (p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, amyl or butyl alcohol and HCl)
Definition
reagent added for indole test
Term
phenol red
Definition
pH indicator in urea test
Term
red
Definition
color for positive urease test
Term
proteus
Definition
example of urease and H2S positive microorganism
Term
H2S test
Definition
testsw for enzyme cysteine desulfurase
Term
black
Definition
color of precipitate in positive H2S test
Term
tests for sulfur, indole, motility
Definition
SIM test
Term
simmons citrate
Definition
tests for cirate utilization as sole carbon source
Term
growth and deep blue color
Definition
positive signs for citrate test
Term
ferric chloride; green
Definition
to test for presence of phenylpyruvic acid (PPA) in phenylalanine test, what is added? what is the color for a positive test?
Term
lactose fermentation, caseinase presence, reduction of litmus, deamination of amino acids to produce NH3
Definition
what does litmus milk test for?
Term
pink liquid
Definition
acid reaction of litmus milk
Term
pink solid
Definition
acid curd reaction of litmus milk
Term
colorless litmus indicator, white color in test tube
Definition
reduction in litmus milk
Term
blue liquid
Definition
alkaline reaction in litmus milk
Term
clearing of medium
Definition
peptonization/proteolysis in litmus milk
Term
indole, methyl red, voges-proskauer, citrate
Definition
IMVC stands for...
Term
++--
Definition
E coli IMVC results
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