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Lab exam
medsurg
80
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
02/25/2013

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Cards

Term
Red Blood Cell Count
measures
Definition
RBC = absolute count of RBC 19s per cubic millimeter
Term
Red Blood Cell Count
decreased causes
Definition
anemia, liver disease, renal failure
o Drugs: acetaminophen, chemo, digoxin
Term
Red Blood Cell Count
increased causes
Definition
hypoxia, polycythemia
o Drugs: corticosteroids
Term
Red Blood Cell Count
interventions
Definition
to promote oxygenation, transfusion
Term
Hematocrit
measures
Definition
Hct = % of RBC 19s in plasma
Term
Hematocrit
decreased causes
Definition
anemia, fluid volume excess, B12 deficiency, liver disease
Term
Hematocrit
increased causes
Definition
COPD, dehydration, vomiting
Term
Hematocrit
interventions
Definition
to promote oxygenation, transfusion
Term
White Blood Cell Count
measures
Definition
Neutrophils (segs and bands) = first WBC’s to increase during acute infection
Monocytes = increase in later phase of an infection, ingest bacterial and debris
Lymphocytes = increase in chronic and viral infection
Term
White Blood Cell Count
decreased causes
Definition
immunosuppression, anemia, sepsis, B12 deficiency
Term
White Blood Cell Count
increased causes
Definition
cancer & infection
Term
White Blood Cell Count
interventions
Definition
to reduce spread of infection
Term
platelets
decreased causes
Definition
bone marrow suppression, HIV, heparin
Term
platelets
if decreased monitor for bleeding where?
Definition
Monitor for bleeding—oral cavity, GI, urine, bruising
Term
platelets
increased causes
Definition
malignancy or polycythemia vera, acute blood loss, cancer, infection
Term
platelets
interventions
Definition
transfuse platelets, limit punctures, no rectal procedures
Term
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)
increased causes
Definition
deficiency of any factors, hemophilia, liver disease.
increased for therapeutic effect, measures intrinsic clotting factors
Term
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)
affected by what drugs
Definition
Lovenox and Heparin and warfarin
Term
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)
extremely high levels can be reversed by..?
Definition
protamine sulfate
Term
Prothrombin Time (PT) & INR
increased causes
Definition
evidence of deficiency or clotting
Term
Prothrombin Time (PT) & INR
decreased causes
Definition
warfarin therapy for DVT, heart disease, evidence of vitamin K excess
Term
Prothrombin Time (PT) & INR
affected by what drug
Definition
Coumadin
Term
Prothrombin Time (PT) & INR
extremely high levels reversed by
Definition
Extremely high levels reversed by Vitamin K
Term
Activated Clotting Time (ACT)
decreased causes
Definition
thrombosis
Term
Activated Clotting Time (ACT)
increased causes
Definition
cirrhosis, clotting factor deficiencies
Term
Activated Clotting Time (ACT)
drugs that increase
Definition
heparin & warfarin
Term
Activated Clotting Time (ACT)
this is used to determine what?
Definition
Used to determine when it is safe to pull sheath post angioplasty, end access for dialysis run, and determine effectiveness of heparin therapy
Term
Glucose
decreased causes
Definition
hypoglycemia agents
Term
Glucose
increased causes
Definition
pancreatitis & DM
Term
Glucose
high levels cause what
Definition
hyperosmolarity and dehydration
Term
Glucose
low levels cause what
Definition
sweating, LOC changes, must be treated with either oral or IV glucose depending on LOC
Term
Sodium
decreased causes
Definition
AIDS, CHF, cirrhosis, exercise, heavy sweating, NG suctioning, vomiting, water intoxication
Term
Sodium
drugs that decrease
Definition
ACE inhibitors, diuretics, hypotonic saline
Term
Sodium
increased causes
Definition
dehydration, dietary intake, diabetes insipidus, excessive sweating, and vomiting
Term
Sodium
drugs that increase
Definition
hypertonic saline, steroids
Term
Sodium
adverse effects
Definition
severe prolonged changes to sodium concentration can lead to permanent neurological deficits
Term
Potassium
decreased causes
Definition
alkalosis, low potassium intake, diarrhea, vomiting
Term
Potassium
drugs that decrease potassium
Definition
Depleted by loop and thiazide diuretics
Term
Potassium
increased causes
Definition
renal failure, burns, crush injuries, acidosis, dehydration
Term
Potassium
drugs that increase
Definition
ACE-inhibitors, beta blockers, NSAIDS
Term
Potassium
adverse effects
Definition
Affects cardiac status
Term
Chloride
generally follows
Definition
Na+
Term
Chloride
decreased causes
Definition
DKA, gastric suctioning, renal failure, sodium loss, vomiting
Term
Chloride
increased causes
Definition
diarrhea, dehydration, renal failure, respiratory acidosis
Term
Chloride
can affect...
Definition
Can affect acid-base balance by shifting HCO3-
Term
venous carbon dioxide
Definition
not in ABG
reflection of amount of HCO3 presence
Term
Calcium
decreased causes
Definition
chronic renal failure, mag deficiency, vitamin D deficiency
Term
Calcium
increased causes
Definition
bone cancer, renal failure
Term
Calcium
effects...
Definition
Affects cardiac, muscular, bone, coag
Term
Calcium
adverse effects
Definition
Watch QT intervals, observe for Cvostek and Trousseau
Term
Magnesium
decreased causes
Definition
DKA, diarrhea
Term
Magnesium
drugs that decrease
Definition
diuretics
Term
Magnesium
increased causes
Definition
dehydration, renal failure
Term
Magnesium
drugs that increase
Definition
antacids, laxatives, & lithium
Term
Magnesium
adverse effects
Definition
can lead to torsades de points
Term
Blood Urea Nitrogen BUN - renal
decreased causes
Definition
liver failure
Term
Blood Urea Nitrogen BUN
increased causes
Definition
dehydration, GI bleeding, renal failure, shock, stress
Term
Increased BUN and normal crt =
Definition
Increased BUN and normal crt = dehydration or excessive muscle wasting
Term
Increased BUN & crt =
Definition
Increased BUN & crt = renal failure
Term
Creatinine - renal
decreased causes
Definition
decreased muscle mass
Term
Creatinine
increased causes
Definition
renal failure, urinary tract obstruction
Term
Total protein
measures
Definition
Measure albumin & globulin to get total protein
Term
Total protein
decreased causes
Definition
chronic liver disease, dietary protein deficiency
Term
Total protein
increased causes
Definition
dehydration
Term
Total protein
decreased adverse effects
Definition
Low levels are common and can cause
o Increased drug toxicities
o Peripheral edema
Term
Albumin
measures
Definition
part of total protein, albumin is a protein created in the liver
Term
Albumin
decreased causes
Definition
liver disease, DM, acute infections, malnutrition
Term
Albumin
increased causes
Definition
dehydration
Term
ABGs
Respiratory acidosis causes
Definition
any hypoventilation or any drug that causes hypoventilation (anesthesia, opioids)
Term
ABGs
Respiratory alkalosis causes
Definition
any hyperventilation or any drug that causes hyperventilation (fear, anxiety)
Term
ABGs
Metabolic acidosis causes
Definition
lower GI loss, DKA, renal failure
Term
ABGs
Metabolic alkalosis causes
Definition
upper GI loss, gastric suction
Term
Creatinine Phophokinase CPK & Isoenzymes (especially CK-MB)
measures
Definition
CPK is an enzyme found mainly in the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle.
Term
Creatinine Phophokinase & Isoenzymes (especially CK-MB)
when does the enzyme show up?
Definition
Enzyme begins to increase 3-8 hours after the onset of an acute infarct and peaks at 24 hours. It stays elevated for up to 4 days after an infarction but is a less sensitive cardiac marker than troponin
Term
Creatinine Phophokinase & Isoenzymes (especially CK-MB)
increased causes
Definition
MI, cerebral infarction
Term
Troponin
measures
Definition
Cardiac markers
Term
Troponin
increased causes
Definition
cardiac surgery, cardiac trauma, MI, prolonged SVT
Term
Troponin
when is it found
Definition
Troponin found early in cardiac cell destruction
Term
Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
high levels reflect
Definition
High levels reflect
o Increased ventricular stretching
o Increased sodium and water excretion
Term
Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
adverse effects
Definition
HF – often used in the diagnosis of CHF
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