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L 76 Nutrition III
n/a
23
Physiology
Graduate
04/11/2012

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Term
Thiamin deficiency
Definition
beriberi: cardiac failure. peripheral and central neurophathies
Term
Niacin deficiency
Definition
pellagra
Term
folic acid deficiency
Definition
megaloblastic anemia, leucopenia and thrombopenia
Term
Vitamine B12 deficiency
Definition
megaloblastic anemia, hyperhomocysteinemia
Term
Vitamin C deficiency
Definition
scurvy
Term
Etiologies of pernicious anemia
Definition
IF deficiency which decreases absorption of folate...
Term
Niacin toxicity
Definition
flushing of skin, pruritis, nausea and vomiting
Term
Vitamin C toxicity
Definition
kidney stones in susceptible persons
Term
Inter-relationship between folate and vitamin B12
Definition
methyl trap hypothesis
Term
nutrient-drug interactions involving folic acid
Definition
-Methotrexate
-5-fluorouracil
Term
Role of Calcium
Definition
component of hydroxyapatite, activation of catalytic properties of proteins, stabilization of proteases and blot clotting proteins, intracellular signal transduction
Term
Role of phosphorus
Definition
major component of hydroxyapatite, component of cell membranes, second messenger systems & energy storage, regulation of acid- base balance
Term
Role of Iron
Definition
component of TCA cycle enzymes & oxidative phosphorylation, component of heme-containing proteins, cofactor in oxygen atom transfer
Term
Role of Iodine
Definition
component of thyroid hormones
Term
Roles for iron transport and storage proteins (derritin, transferrin, hemosiderin, and ceruloplasmin)
Definition
a. Ferritin – storage protein in most cells
b. Transferrin – transfer protein
c. Hemosiderin – storage protein in hepatocytes
d. Ceruloplasmin – circulating protein oxidizes ferrous to ferric iron for binding to transferring
Term
Calcium deficiency and toxicity
Definition
deficiency: osteoporosis;
toxicity: very rare
Term
Phosphorus deficiency and toxicity
Definition
deficiency: refeeding syndrome, secondary to malabsorption syndromes, vitamin D deficiency, hyperparathyroidism
toxicity: secondary to advanced renal disease & hypoparathyroidism
Term
Iron deficiency and toxicity
Definition
deficiency: microcytic hypochromic anemia
toxicity: severe vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, hereditary hemochromatosis

Deficiency: upregulation of transferrin receptor & downregulation of ferritin, TIBC (total iron binding capacity) is increased
Toxicity: upregulation of ferritin
& downregulation of transferrin receptor
Term
Iodine deficiency and toxicity
Definition
deficiency: endemic goiter, severe deficiency may result in endemic cretinism
toxicity: goiter
Term
Etiology of refeeding syndrome
Definition
-Occurs when severely malnourished, dehydrated individuals given glucose & saline
-Results from rapid expansion of extracellular fluid (↑
sodium intake) & increased insulin secretion (↑ carbohydrate intake)
-Stimulates rapid glycogen synthesis, depleting plasma phosphorus concentration
-May result in cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death
-Not caused solely by rapid drop in plasma phosphorus levels, also potassium, magnesium & vitamins
Term
Factors that enhance and inhibit calcium absorption
Definition
Enhance::
Inhibit::
Term
HFE, Ferritin, Transferrin, and Transferrin Receptor...
Definition
Term
Ceruloplasmin
Definition
plasma zinc and copper enzyme that oxidizes Fe2+ to Fe3+
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