Term
| What is a simple proposition? |
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Definition
| has only one subject and one predicate |
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Term
| What is a compound proposition? |
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Definition
| contains two or more simple propositions |
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Term
| In which three ways can propositions be linked in logic? |
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Definition
| by hypothetical, by conjunctive, by disjunctive |
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Term
| What is a “undistributed’ term? |
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Definition
| term that claims to know only about some of the class. |
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Term
| What is an “distributed’ term? |
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Definition
| term that claims to know something about all the class of things referred to by the term |
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Term
| What is the “matter” of a proposition? |
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Definition
| subject term and predicate term |
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Term
| What is the ‘form’ of a proposition? |
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Definition
| the quantity and the ‘quality’ |
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Term
| What does ‘quantity’ mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does 'quality' mean here? |
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Definition
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Term
How do we handle singular propositions, such as “Socrates is a man.” in Aristotelian logic?
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Definition
treat them all as universal
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Term
When we translate all propositions into one of the four forms: AEIO,
which verbs can we use in AEIO propositions? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do we get around the “verb” problem in Aristotelian logic? |
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Definition
use “that which” tw
or “that which is” for verbs other than “is” or “are.” |
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Term
| How do we handle ‘All s is not p” in Aristotelian logic? |
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Definition
| always translate as “No s is p.” |
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Term
| What is conversion in logic? |
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Definition
| interchange of the subject and predicate |
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Term
| What is obversion in logic? |
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Definition
| 1) negate the copula, and 2) negate the predicate. |
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Term
| The crossed lines on the Square of Opposition indicate: |
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Definition
| which proposition contradicts any given proposition, |
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Term
| For which kinds of propositions does the Square of Opposition work? |
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Definition
| only for propositions in which the subject and predicate are the same |
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Term
| If something is universally true of the subject, then |
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Definition
| it must be true of all aspects or members of the subject |
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Term
| If something is universally false of the subject, then: |
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Definition
| it must be false of all aspects or members of the subject, |
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Term
| What is the “law of identity”? |
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Definition
| X=X, x is identical with itself |
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Term
| What is the “law of noncontradiction”? |
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Definition
| X≠ not X, a proposition can't be both T and F |
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Term
| What is the “law of the excluded middle”? |
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Definition
| X or not X, a proposition must be either T or F |
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Term
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Definition
| a proposition that is true by definition, always true. i.e. x=x |
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Term
| If the premises are true, and the logic is valid, then the conclusion: |
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Definition
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Term
| If the argument is valid, and the conclusion is false, then: |
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Definition
| at least one premise must be false |
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Term
| If the conclusion is true, then: |
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Definition
| the premises could be true or false, and the logic could be valid or invalid. A conclusion can be true regardless of whether it follows from the premises. |
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Term
| How many propositions are there in a valid syllogism? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many premises are there in a valid syllogism? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many conclusions are there in a valid syllogism? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many terms are there in a valid syllogism? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many times is each term used in a valid syllogism? |
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Definition
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Term
| The subject of the conclusion in a valid sylloism is called the ___________ term |
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Definition
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Term
| The predicate of the conclusion in a valid sylloism is called the ___________ term |
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Definition
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Term
| The term that appears in each premise, but not in the conclusion of a valid syllogism is called the ________ term. |
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Definition
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Term
| The premise containing the major term is called the ________premise |
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Definition
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Term
| The premise containing the major term is called the ________premise |
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Definition
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Term
| Fallacy of the illicit conversion of "O" proposition |
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Definition
| Can't convert an O (i.e. can't obvert "Some birds are not robins." to "Some robins are not birds." |
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Term
| Fallacy of the illicit conversion of "A" proposition |
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Definition
| Can't convert "A" proposition. (i.e. "All men are mortal." to "All mortals are men.") |
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Term
| What is the Fallacy of the Undistributed Middle? |
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Definition
| middle term in a syllogism must be distributed at least once |
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Term
| What is the Fallacy of the Four Terms? |
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Definition
| a syllogism can have three and only three terms |
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Term
| What is the Fallacy of the Two Negative Premises? |
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Definition
| No syllogism can have two negative premises. |
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Term
| What is the Fallacy of the Illicit Major (or Minor)? |
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Definition
| No term that is undistributed in the premises (major or minor) may be distributed in the conclusion. |
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