Shared Flashcard Set

Details

KIN 200
Final Exam Review
56
Science
Undergraduate 1
12/09/2007

Additional Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Personality and Sport Theories
Definition
  • No clear personality differences between athletes and non athletes.
  • No differences between athletes in different sports.
  • There are differences between successful and unsuccessful athletes but it is not innate. (More self-confident, highly determined, better coping strategies)
Term
Personality and Exercise Theories
Definition
  • No specific exercise personality
  • Certain characteristics strongly predict excercise behavior.
Term
Motivation Theories
Definition
  • various theories to explain how athletes become and stay motivated.
Term
Achievement Goal Theory
Definition
  • An athlete who defines success in sport as being the best is more likely to suffer from low motivation.
Term
Cognitive Evaluation Theory
Definition
  • An athlete who is intrinsicly motivated is more likely to continue their sport than someone that is extrinsicly motivated.
Term
Attribution Theory
Definition
  • Helps us to understand what an athlete sees as the cause of their performance outcome.
Term
Self-Efficacy Theory
Definition
  • How an individual's beliefs about his capabilities to perform a task can influence motivation and behavior.
Term
Arousal Theory
Definition
  • Various theories to explain the relationship between arousal and athletic performance.
Term
Inverted-U Theory
Definition
  • There is an optimal level of arousal for any given sport.
Term
Mental Practice Model
Definition
  • Process such as imagery can lead to enhanced performance.
(Imagining the game)
Term
Trans-Theoretical Model
Definition
  • For any given behavior change, a person can be classified according to their readiness and willingness to change.
Term
Motor Behavior
Definition
  • Investigation of the principles of human movement.
(Picking up a glass)
Term
3 Main Sub-disciplines
Definition
  • Motor Control
  • Motor Development
  • Motor Learning
Term
Motor Control
Definition
  • The study of neurophysiological factors that effect human movement.
  • (Interested in the brain, motor neurons, and pathway)
Term
Motor Program Theory
Definition
  • The brain is like a computer
  • We have preprogrammed movement patterns that send signals to joints and muscles.
  • Their is an executive level of control for all movements.
Term
Dynamical Systems Theory
Definition
  • Brain does not work like a computer
  • Emerge naturally as a result of complex interactions.
Term
Self Organization
Definition
  • Human motor system is capable of spontaneously adjusting itself.
  • Works to be in the best form of movement at any given time.
Term
Motor Development
Definition
  • The study in changes of motor behavior.

    • Interaction of maturation and the environment.
    • Changes across lifespan.
    • The process which underlie these changes
    • The factors that affect these changes. (sport, family, school, location)
Term
Lifespan Approach
Definition
  • The study of an individual through progressive and regressive phases of development.
Term
Progressive
Definition
  • Infancy to childhood
  • Adolescent to adulthood
  • Novice to expert
Term
Regressive
Definition
  • Adulthood to elderly
  • Healthy to injured
Term
Motor Learning
Definition
  • The study of practice in acquiring and perfecting motor skills.
  • Ex. (Operating a crane)
Term
Mass Practice
Definition
  • Short rest
Term
Distributed Practice
Definition
  • Long rest
Term
Product Approach
Definition
  • Focuses on end result
  • Task oriented
  • Quantitative: performance
Term
Process Approach
Definition
  • Emphasizes on the movement itself.
  • Qualitative: form and function
Term
Interdisciplinary Results
Definition
  • Motor behavior overlaps study of movement.
Term
Intrinsic Feedback
Definition
  • Internal knowledge of performance
Term
Extrinsic Feedback
Definition
  • Feedback recieved by an outside factor such as a coach.
Term
Human Movement Is Based On...
Definition
  • Newton's laws
  • Involves study of the body and interrelationships among forces on the body.
Term
Bio
Definition
  • Living
Term
Mechanics
Definition
  • Forces and effects
Term
Muscle Mechanics
Definition
  • Filament Theory
  • Length-tension relationship
  • Force-velocity relationship
Term
Filament Theory
Definition
  • Muscle has strands of proteins. In order to contract, sacromere must contract towards the center.
Term
Filament
Definition
  • Strands of protein within a muscle.
Term
Sacromere
Definition
  • Smallest functional unit within muscle cell.
Term
Length-Tension Relationship
Definition
  • There is an optimal length for force development. It cannot be strained.
Term
Force-Velocity Relationship
Definition
  • The faster you move, the less force you generate.
  • Slow=more force
  • fast=less force
Term
Tissue Mechanics
Definition
  • The relationship between stress and strain.
Term
Main Studies in Biomechanics
Definition
  • Rigi-body mechanics
  • Fluid Mechanics
Term
Statics
Definition
  • System at a constant state of motion.
Term
Dynamics
Definition
  • System that undergoes acceleration (Force is applied to it).
Term
Kinematics
Definition
  • Movement description without considering force and torque.
  • Ex. How fast does it move, how far does it move
Term
Kinetics
Definition
  • The study of movement due to force and torque.
  • Ex. What causes translation or rotation of an object.
Term
Electromyography (EMG)
Definition
  • Measurement of muscle activity by the help of electro sensors
  • Muscle contraction is caused by the electric signal to the muscles.
Term
Areas of Biomechanics
Definition
  • Sports
  • Forensics
  • Engineering
  • Clinical
  • Applied
Term
Goals of Sports Biomechanics
Definition
  • Improve sports performance
  • Develop effective training methods
  • Develop new and more effective sports equipment
  • Prevent injuries
Term
Engineering Biomechanics
Definition
  • Human factor engineering or Ergonomics.
  • Ex. Designing prosthetic devices, artificial organs
Term
Clinical Biomechanics
Definition
  • Developing new surgical devices or techniques
  • Designing new rehabilitation exercises or devises
Term
Forensic Biomechanics
Definition
  • Investigate accidents and injuries from a mechanical prospective.
  • Ex. (CSI TV show)
Term
Applied Biomechanics
Definition
  • Animation
  • Video games
  • Film/TV shows
Term
Proprioception
Definition
  • Knowing where your body is in space.
Term
4 Factors that Effect Stability
Definition
  • The weight of the object
  • Center of gravity height
  • Base of support
  • Relationship between line of gravity and base of support
Term
The Weight of the Object
Definition
  • The heavier the object, the greater the stability.
Term
Center of Gravity Height
Definition
  • The lower the center of mass, the greater one's stability.
Term
Base of Support
Definition
  • The nearer the line of gravity to the center of the base of support, the greater the stability.
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