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KCH ANP MLC FINAL
Final Exam Preparation
103
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
08/07/2012

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Cards

Term
Definition of Anatomy?
Definition
The scientific study of the structure of the body.
Term
Definition of Physiology?
Definition
The scientific study of the functions and how the body provides movement for maintenance and living.
Term
What is an exception of characteristics of human life? (List: growth ,responsiveness, reproduction, or synthesis by scientist)
Definition
Synthesis by scientist are not required for human life.
Term
The organization of the body begins at what level?
Definition
At the cellular level
Term
What protein in the epidermal cells make the skin relatively waterproof?
Definition
Keratin
Term
What is the brown pigment that gives the skin its color called?
Definition
Melanin
Term
What is the function of Melanin?
Definition
Melanin is the pigment responsible for color of the skin and hair.
Term
What is the part of hair that is dead, also known as keratinized cells?
Definition
Hair-Shaft
Term
What is the function of the spinal cord, (more than one answer)?
Definition
Carries information to and from the brain which includes: Sensory,motor,reflex center
Term
The thoracic nerves is not matched with its correct # of pairs (#10 answer)
Definition
thoracic pairs
Term
Name of the nerve that emerges from the sacral plexus and runs down the back of the leg?
Definition
sciatic nerve
Term
The Knee-Jerk reflex is an example of what kind of reflex?
Definition
Pateller tendon reflex
Term
What are the parts of the brain stem?
Definition
Midbrain,Pons,Medulla Oblongata.
Term
What does the medulla oblongata regulate?
Definition
Regulates: Sensory and motor information consisting of,(rate,blood flow, blood pressure, respiratory center
Term
What does the cerebellum regulate?
Definition
voluntary muscle activity, balance and muscle tone
Term
What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF?
Definition
forms a cushion around the brain and spinal cord. Removes waste products back to the blood.
Term
CSF reabsorbed back into the blood through what?
Definition
archnoid villi
Term
Smooth muscle is voluntary or involuntary?
Definition
Involuntary
Term
Exercise causes the blood vessels to contract or dilate?
Definition
dilate
Term
What is "muscle sense"?
Definition
Muscle sense is the brains ability to know where the muscles are at without looking at them.
Term
What is the correct sequence for the conducting system of the heart?
Definition
SA Node
AV Node
Bundle of His
Bundle of branches
Perkinje Fibers
Term
What is the function of the hepatic portal system?
Definition
Carry a rich blood supply to the liver.
Term
Where is blood pressure the lowest in the body?
Definition
Venae cava (veins)
Term
What assists in moving venous blood back to the heart?
Definition
Skeletal Muscle
Respiratory Movements
Constriction of the "Veins"
Term
The kidneys are_the peritoneum,and the term for this is__.
Definition
behind and retro-peritoneal
Term
The Ureters extend from the _to_.
Definition
kidneys to the bladder
Term
What is the name of the lymphatic vessels in the walls of the small intestine?
Definition
lacteals
Term
What are lymph nodes and their function?
Definition
large masses of lymphatic tissue that function to filter lymph as it flows through the lymphatic vessels
Term
Definition of lymph?
Definition
Tissue fluid inside lymph vessels that contain White blood Cells (T-Cells) composed of water, electrolytes and waste from metabolizing cells
Term
What does the Thymus do (concerning immunity?)
Definition
produce lymphocytes (T cells) and hormones and filter lymph
Term
Which tonsils are located near the posterior opening of the nasal cavity? (read carefully)
Definition
Pharyngeal Tonsils
Term
How is heat caused in inflammation?
Definition
Dilated blood vessels bring more blood to the area of and increased blood flow causes redness and heat.
Term
Receiving a flu shot helps protect you from getting the flu,this an example of what kind of immunity?
Definition
Artificially Active Immunity
Term
Person is given a shot of gamma globulin to keep from coming down with hepatitis,this is an example of what kind of immunity?
Definition
Artificially Passive Immunity (injection)
Term
How does "complement" help kill harmful cells?
Definition
punch holes into the Antigen,causing cell death
Term
How are kidneys held in place and cushioned by what?
Definition
by Adipose Capsule and held in place by Adipose Tissue
Term
What is the function of T cells?
Definition
they attack Antigens directly through cell to cell contact
Term
What is the macula lutea of the eye?
Definition
Yellow spot at the center; of the retina packed with cones that provides central vision.
Term
What is the name of fluid in the posterior eye cavity that keeps the retina in place?
Definition
vitreous Humor
Term
What part of the brain interprets visual images?
Definition
Occipital Lobe
Term
What hormone decreases the blood glucose level?
Definition
Insulin - moves glucose away from the blood stream
Term
What hormone increases the blood glucose level?
Definition
Glucagon - moves glycogen towards the blood stream raising glucose levels.
Term
What hormones influence the secretion of progesterone & testosterone?
Definition
sex hormones (LH and ICSH)
Term
PTH & calcitonin are antagonistic hormones that function to control what two blood levels?
Definition
blood calcium and blood phosphate
Term
ACTH,Adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulates what other endocrine gland?
Definition
Adrenal Cortex (cortisol is released)
Term
Identify the antagonistic pair of hormones?
Definition
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) and Calcitonin as well as insulin and glucagon
Term
What does ADH, antidiuretic hormone do for a function?
Definition
reabsorbs water
Term
What is the sequence of the large intestine in order?
Definition
1)Cecum
2)Ascending colon
3)Hepatic Flexure
4)Transverse Colon
5)Splenic Flexure
6)Desending Colon
7)Sigmoid Colon
8)rectum
9)Anal Canal/Anus *Butt-Hole*
Term
What is the function of the large intestine (main function)?
Definition
Water-Absorption
Term
Where is the liver located?
Definition
RUQ
Term
What is the order of air passage as it passes through the nose?

or

What is the order in the respiratory tract after air is inhaled through the nose to reach the lungs? (reworded)
Definition
Nasal Cavities
Paranasal Sinuses
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Term
What is the function of ciliated epithelium in the respiratory tract?
Definition
creates mucus to trap bacteria, dust and other particles
Term
What is the name of the bones on the lateral walls of the nasal cavities called?
Definition
Nasal Conchae (Turbinates)
Term
What is the name of the four air cavities in the skull that open into the nasal cavities?
Definition
paranasal sinuses
Term
What is the name of the three divisions of the pharynx in correct descending order?
Definition
1)Nasopharynx
2)Oropharynx
3)Laryngopharynx
Term
How is the nasopharnyx connected to the middle ear?
Definition
Eustachian Tube
Term
What is the name of the "voice-box"?
Definition
larynx
Term
The largest cartilage in the larynx is called what? (hint: adams apple)
Definition
Thyroid Cartillage
Term
What is the name of the cartilage that prevents food from entering the lungs?
Definition
Epiglottis
Term
An upper airway obstruction may necessitate a surgical incision into the what?
Definition
Trachea (by Tracheastomy)
Term
The bronchial tree consists of branches that get smaller and progress from what to what?
Definition
Primary
secondary
bronchiole
Term
What is the space between the lungs called?
Definition
Mediastinum
Term
What is the function of serous fluid between the pleural membranes?
Definition
prevents friction (WD-40)
Term
What does the primary bronchi enter the lung (hint: indented area)
Definition
Hilus
Term
What does the pulmonary sufactant do?
Definition
Decreases surface tension with one another, keeping Alveoli inflated.
Term
Where does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place in the lungs?
Definition
Alveoli and Pulmonary Capillaries
Term
What is the definition of "ventilation"?
Definition
Moving air into and/out of the lungs "inhale and exhale"
Term
What is the medical term for normal,quiet breathing?
Definition
Eupnea
Term
What are the muscles involved in respiration?
Definition
diaphragm and inter-costal muscles
Term
What is oxygen primarily transported in the blood bonded to?
Definition
Hemoglobin
Term
What is a normal arterial blood oxygen (PO2) level?
Definition
80-100mm Hg
Term
What is the normal arterial blood carbon dioxide (PCO2) level?
Definition
35-45mm Hg
Term
What is the definition of "vital capacity"?
Definition
Amount of air involved in deepest inhalation followed by the most forceful exhalation.
Term
Where are the respiratory centers located in the brain?
Definition
1)Medulla Oblongata
2)Pons
Term
What is a normal adult respiratory rate per minute?
Definition
(12-20 breaths per minute)
Term
What can hyperventilation lead to?
Definition
Respiratory-Alkalosis)
Term
What is the process of chemical digestion,what does it involve?
Definition
Chemical breakdown of food into simpler chemicals so it can be absorbed by the lymph
Term
Where does absorption takes place? (end products of digestion)
Definition
Small intestine
Term
What is the Scrotom?
Definition
A sac that holds the two-oval testes suspended between the thighs
Term
What structure carries both urine and semen?
Definition
Urethra
Term
What gene will always be expressed or appear in the offspring?
Definition
X chromosome (23)
Term
What is the name of the androgen that is necessary for sperm formation and for the development of male secondary sex characteristics?
Definition
Testosterone
Term
What is the name of a developing human being from the implantation until the 8th week of gestation called?
Definition
Embryo
Term
Where does implantation of the embryo occur?
Definition
Uterine wall( 7-8 days)
Term
On what organ is the corpus luteum found?
Definition
ovaries
Term
What does the placenta form in?
Definition
Uterus
Term
What is the definition of an "ectopic pregnancy?"
Definition
Fertilized egg implants itself in the Fallopian tube rather than uterus
Term
What is the name of the uterine lining most responsive to the hormonal effects of estrogen and progesterone?
Definition
Placenta "uterine wall"
Term
What is another name for ovaries and testes?
Definition
Gonads
Term
What else is the ovum and sperm known as?
Definition
gametes
Term
Which structure contains 23 chromosomes?
Definition
Egg cell or Sperm Cell
Term
What are the parts of the uterus?
Definition
Fundus
Body
Cervix
Term
Definition of the Fallopian tubes?
Definition
2 tubes 4 inches long that extends from the ovaries to the uterus
Term
What structure is primary secretor of estrogen and progesterone?
Definition
Ovaries
Term
Definition of labia majora and labia minora? (LM)
Definition
Two folds of skin that cover urethra and vaginal openings.
Term
What does the follicle-stimulating hormone do?
Definition
initiates sperm production in the male and stimulates the ovaries in the female
Term
What is detected by a PAP smear?
Definition
Diagnostic procedure used to detect cancer of the cervix (cancer cells)
Term
What hormone stimulates the secretion of testosterone?
Definition
Hormones: answer is LH, FSH deals with secretion of Sperm.

Luetinizing hormone (LH) Release testosterone

(ICSH)-Intertitstial CEH-Stimulating Hormone)

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) stimulates sperm production

Testosterone-promotes maturation of sperm.

Inhibin - maintenance of sperm rate production "Anti-low sperm count"
Term
What is the function of the paranasal sinuses?
Definition
Air filled space that makes the skull lighter in weight and provides resonance for the voice.
Term
What does semen mean?
Definition
milky white secretion that consists of sperm and three alkaline secretions (seminal vesicle, prostate gland, bulbourethral)
Term
What is a zygote?
Definition
7-8 days after fertilization the zygote implants into uterine wall.
Term
What does the placenta have to do with fetal circulation? (attached to the uterine wall and formed within 12 weeks gestation period)
Definition
The Placenta produces hormones that miantian prenancy:

HCG (human chornionic gonadotropin (hcg) which stimulates the corpus luteum to secrete estrogen and progesterone.

Estrogen/Progesterone are secreted next and these suppress the release of FSH and LH,they prepare the breast for lactation,and suppress uterine contractions prior to labor that would cause miscarriage.

Site of exchange between substances in the maternal and fetal blood. (mother sends fluids and oxygen through this part.
Term
What is the correct sequence of the conducting system of the heart?
Definition
Superior/Inferior Vena Cave
Right Arium
Tricupsid Valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary Valve to
Pulmonary artery (unoxygemnated blood)
Pulmonary veins
left atrium
bicupsid valve
left ventricle
aortic valve
aorta (oxygenated blood to the rest of the body)
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