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K201 lecture Chapter 11
lecture vocab
37
Business
Undergraduate 1
04/22/2012

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Term
System development life cycle (SDLC)
Definition
is the overall process for developing information systems from planning and analysis through implementation and maintenance. 
Term
What are the 7 phases that make up the SDLC (systems development life cycle (SDLC)
Definition

1.Planning

2. Analysis

3. Design

4. Development

5. Testing

6. Implementation

7. Maintenance

PADDTIM

Term
methodology 
Definition
is a set of policies, procedures, standards, processes, practices, tools, techniques, and tasks that people apply to technical and management challenges.
Term
waterfall methodology
Definition
is an activity-based process in which each phase in the SDLC is performed sequentially from planning through implementation and maintenance. 
Term
iterative development 
Definition
consists of a series of tiny projects. Iterative has become the foundation of multiple agile types of methodologies.
Term
Agile Methodology
Definition
aims for customer satisfaction through early and continuous delivery of useful software components developed by an iterative process with a design point that uses the bare minimum requirements. 
Term
Rapid Application Development (RAD) methodology
Definition
emphasizes extensive user involvement in the rapid and evolutionary construction of working prototypes of a system to accelerate the systems development process.
Term
prototype
Definition
is a smaller scale representation or working model of the users' requirements or a proposed design for an information system.
Term
Extreme Programming (XP) methodology
Definition
like other agile methods, breaks a project into tiny phases, and developers cannot continue on to the next phase until the first phase is complete
Term
Rational unified process (RUP) methodology 
Definition

owned by IBM, provides a framework for breaking down the development of software into four gates.

 

Term

IBM's 4 gates of software development

 

Definition

1. Inception-this phase ensures all stakeholders have a shared understanding of the system

2. Elaboration- provides rough order of magnitude

3.Construction-This phase includes building and developing the product

4. Transition- Primary questions answered in this phase address ownership of the system and training of key personnel

Term
Scrum Methodology
Definition
uses small teams to produce small pieces of deliverable software using sprints, or 30 day intervals, to achieve an appointed goal.
Term
Scope creep
Definition
occours when the scope of the project increases
Term
Feature creep
Definition
occurs when developers add extra feature that were not part of the initial requirementsp
Term
Project
Definition
a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service or result
Term
project management 
Definition
is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements
Term
Project stakeholders
Definition
are individuals and organizations actively involved in the project or whose interests might be affected as a result of project execution or project completion. 
Term
Executive sponsor
Definition
a person or group who provides the financial resources for the project
Term
Project Character
Definition
is a document issued by the project initiator or sponsor that formally authorizes the existence of a project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities.
Term
Project Scope
Definition
defines the work that must be completed to deliver a product with the specified features and functions
Term
Project objectives
Definition
quantifiable criteria that must be met for the project to be considered a success
Term
Project constraints
Definition
are specific factors that an limit options. they include: budget, delivery dates, available skilled resources, and organizational policies
Term
PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) chart
Definition
is a graphical network model that depicts a project's tasks and the relationships between those tasks
Term
Dependency
Definition
is a logical relationship that exists between the project tasks, or between a project task and a milestone
Term
Kill switch
Definition
a trigger that enables a project manager to close the project prior to completion
Term
Project Plan
Definition
is a formal, approved document that manages and controls project execution.
Term
critical path
Definition
is a path from the start to the finish that passes through all the tasks that are critical to completing the project in the shortest amount of time.
Term
Gantt Chart
Definition
is a simple bar chart that depicts project tasks against a calendar.
Term
Project manager
Definition
is an individual who is an expert in project planning and management, defines and develops the project plan, and tracks the plan to ensure the project is completed on time and on budget
Term
Change management
Definition
is a set of techniques that aid in evolution, composition, and policy management of the design and implementation of a system.
Term
A change management system
Definition
includes a collection of procedures to document a change request and define the steps necessary to consider the change based on the expected impact of the change.
Term
Change control board (CCB) 
Definition
responsible for approving or rejecting all change requests
Term
Insourcing (in house development)
Definition
is a common approach using the professional expertise within an organization to develop and maintain the organization's information technology systems.
Term
Outsourcing
Definition
is an arrangement by which one organization provides a service or services for another organization that chooses not to perform them in house.
Term

1.Onshore outsourcing

2. Nearshore outsourcing

3. Offshore Outsourcing

Definition

1. Onshore- engaging another company within the same country for services

2. Nearshore -contracting an outsourcing arrangement with a company in a nearby country.Often this country will share a border with the native country.

3. Offshore- Using organizations from developing countries to write code and develop systems. In offshore outsourcing the country is geographically far away

Term
Reasons for outsourcing
Definition
Core competencies, Financial savings, Rapid Growth, Industry changes, The Internet, Globalization
Term
Challenges of Outsourcing
Definition
Contract length, Competitive edge, Confidentiality, Scope definition 
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