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Joints
joints
48
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
09/10/2012

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Term
What are joints?
Definition
rigid elements of the skeleton meet at joints or articulations
Term
What does the greek root "arthro" mean?
Definition
joint
Term
Articulations can be:
Definition
Bone to bone
bone to cartilage
teeth in bone sockets
Term
What does the structure of joints tell about its function?
Definition
enables resistance to crushing, tearing, and other forces.
Term
How can joints be classified?
Definition
by function or structure
Term
What are immovable joints that are common in the axial skeleton called?
Definition
synarthroses
Term
What are sligtly movable joints that are common in axial skeleton called?
Definition
Amphiarthroses
Term
What are freely movable joints that are common in the appendicular skeleton called?
Definition
diarthroses
Term
What are structural classification of joints based on?
Definition
the material that binds bones together and the presence or absence of a joint cavity
Term
structural classifications of joints include:
Definition
fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
Term
What are fibrous joints?
Definition
bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue
Term
Is there a joint cavity in fibrous joints?
Definition
No
Term
What is the movability of fibrous joints?
Definition
immovable or slightly movable
Term
What types of fibrous joints are there?
Definition
sutures and syndesmoses
Term
What are sutures?
Definition
bones that are tightly bound by a minimal amount of fibrous tissue
Term
sutures occur between:
Definition
only the bones of the skull
Term
What do sutures allow for?
Definition
bone growth so that the skull can expand with brain during childhood
Term
What happens to sutures during the middle ages?
Definition
fibrous tissue ossifies- closes the joint.
Term
What are syndesmoses?
Definition
bones are connected exclusively by ligaments
Term
What is the movability of syndesmoses?
Definition
amount of movement depends on length of fibers.
Term
WHat is an example of an immovable synarthrosis?
Definition
tibiofibular joint
Term
What is an example of a freely movable diarthrosis?
Definition
interosseous membrane between radius and ulna, freely movable diarthrosis
Term
What are cartilaginous joints?
Definition
bones are united by cartilage
Term
Is there a joint cavity in cartilaginous joints?
Definition
no
Term
What are the types of cartilaginous joints?
Definition
synchondroses
symphyses
Term
What are synchondroses?
Definition
hyaline cartilage unites bones
Term
What is an example of the synchondroses?
Definition
epiphyseal plates,
joint between first rib and manubrium
Term
what is the movability of synchondroses?
Definition
immovable
Term
what are symphyses?
Definition
fibrocartilage unites bones
Term
what does fibrocartilage resist?
Definition
tension and compression
Term
WHat is the movability of symphyses?
Definition
slightly movable joints that provide strength with flexibility
Term
What are examples of symphyses?
Definition
intervertebral discs
pubic symphysis
Term
What is present in articular cartilage?
Definition
hyaline cartilage
Term
WHat is the most movable type of joint?
Definition
synovial joints
Term
What are synovial joints?
Definition
diarthroses- very flexible
contain a fluid filled joint cavity
Term
What components are there in synovial joints?
Definition
5:
-articular cartilage
-joint capsule
-articular capsule
-synovial fluid
-supporting ligaments
Term
What is articular cartilage?
Definition
ends of opposing bones are covered with hyaline cartilage
absorbs compression
Term
What are joint cavities (synovial cavity)?
Definition
unique to synovial joints
cavity is a potential space that holds a small amount of fluid
Term
What are articular capsule?
Definition
joint cavity is enclosed in a two layered capsule
Term
two layers of articular capsule:
Definition
fibrous capsule- dense irregular connective tissue- strengthens joint
synovial membrane- loose connective tissue for lining the joint capsule and covering internal joint surfaces. This functions to make synovial fluid
Term
What is synovial fluid?
Definition
a viscous fluid similar to raw egg white
-filtrate of blood, arises from capillaries in synovial membrane
contains glycoproteins molecules secreted by fibroblasts
Term
What are reinforcing ligaments?
Definition
often are thickened parts of the fibrous capsule
sometimes are extracapsular ligaments located outside the capsule
sometimes are intracapsular ligaments when located internal to capsule
Term
What is the general structure of synovial joints?
Definition
richly supplied with sensory nerves
-detect pain, most monitor how much the capsule is being strected
Have a rich blood supply to supply the synovial membrane
-extensive capillary beds produce basis of synovial fluid
branches of several major blood vessels
Term
What synovial joints contain an articular disc?
Definition
occurs in the temporomandibular joints at the knee
and also in joints whose articulating bones have somewhat different shapes
Term
What is the function of synovial joints?
Definition
lubricating devices, that reduces the friction that could overheat and destroy joint tissue, are subjected to compressive forces
-fluid is squeezed out as opposing cartilages touch, cartilages ride on the slippery film
Term
Are bursae and tendon sheaths synovial joints?
Definition
NO, they are closed bags of lubricants that reduce friction between body elements
Term
What is a flattened fibrous sac lined by a synovial membrane?
Definition
bursa
Term
what is a elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon?
Definition
tendon sheath
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