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Jazz - Vocabs
N/A
49
Music
Post-Graduate
04/05/2011

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Cards

Term
Motive
Definition
A short recurring musical idea
Term
phrase
Definition
a complete music thought
Term
repete sign
Definition
the music between the 2 signs should repeat
Term
A-A-B-A
Definition
the overall form  each A section has identical musical material.  The B section/Bridge has contrasting musical material
Term
Octave
Definition
A pitch that has twice or 1/2 the # of vibrations of another
Term
Swing
Definition
A mysterious quality hard to write it down 8th notes - long - short
Term
standard/jazz standard
Definition
a tune universally accepted and played by many jazz musicians
Term
kicks/hits
Definition
important rhythms figures
Term
Head
Definition
the 1st and last chorus of a tune
Term
riff
Definition
a relatively simple, catchy repeated phrase; often in a bluesy style
Term
sequence
Definition
the immediate repetition of a motive at different pitch level
Term
Dynamics
Definition
loudness/softness of a piece of music
Term
Lead Sheet
Definition
a type of a sheet music
Term
Chorus
Definition
one complete cycle through the form
Term
Scale
Definition
a series of pitches that proceeds upward or downward
Term
Chromatic Scale
Definition
contains all 12 pitches
Term
turnaround
Definition
a sequence of chords that leads to the next section/back to the top
Term
walking bass
Definition
a style of bass accompaniment or line, common in jazz which creates a feeling of regular quarter note movement, akin to the regular alteration of feet while walking
Term
Consonance
Definition
a group of sounds that are agreeable or restful
Term
clef
Definition
it tells us generally how high/low the pitches in a pece of music are going to be
Term
rest
Definition
a length of silence
Term
Timbre
Definition
the tone quality or color of a sound
Term
beat
Definition
the underlying pulse in a piece of music
Term
up
Definition
a fast tempo
Term
Medium
Definition
one of the standard jazz tempos, neither up/ballad
Term
Ballad
Definition
a slow time
Term
downbeat
Definition
the 1st beat in a measure
Term
Dissonance
Definition
a group of sounds that are disagreeable/harsh
Term
Pitch/note
Definition
a sign used in music notations to show the relative duration and highness/lowness of a musical sound
Term
key signature
Definition
more readable by minimizing the # of musical symbols
Term
key/tonic/tonal center
Definition
the note of the scale that is conserded the most important.  For ex: C is the tonic in C Major Scale
Term
Modulate
Definition
a move to a different key, different tonic changing from one key to another
Term
Time Signature
Definition
the metric pattern of the music C - "Common time" or 4/4 four beats per measure
Term
Chord
Definition
3 more pitches played at the same time
Term
Chord Progression
Definition
have more than one chord; chords and harmony are used interchangeably
Term
Voicing
Definition
the specific organizing, doubling, omitting, or adding to the notes of a chord
Term
Melody
Definition
a linear succession of musical tones
Term
sequence
Definition
the immediae repetition of a motive at different pitch level
Term
Double-Time Feel
Definition
when a band member/members start playing as though the tempos were double it is original rate, even though it is not.  A soloist might create a double-time feel by switching from 8th - 16th.  Bass player -- quarternotes to 8th notes
Term
Double Time
Definition
When the band begins to play twice as fast as the original tempo
Term
Double time
Definition
when the band begins to play twice as fast as the original tempo
Term
stop-time
Definition
all the group members except the soloist stop playing
Term
half-time
Definition
the opposite of double-time feel.  the musicians halve the number of notes that are played w/o halving the rate at which the chords change.  The music's tempo remains the same even though it appears to be moving at half the speed
Term
soli
Definition
a prewritten out solo in harmony
Term
contrafact
Definition
a new melody based on an existing chord progression; result = new song or composition
Term
Trading Fours, Trading Eights
Definition
soloists sometimes alternate 8-measure phrases.  one musician improvises on the 1st 8 measures, another on the 2nd 8 measure, and so on.  The samthing is done w/ 4 measure section.
Term
absence of steady tempo
Definition
not common to jazz, but is sometimes used in introductions/endings.  aka rubato (Italian for stolen time)
Term
Blue (form)
Definition
12 bars long.  the melody is usually played twice.  as usual, the soloist improvises over the progression of chords in its accompaniment.  Each soloist ends an improvisation, another soloist takes over.  after all the solos, the group concludes by playing the melody twice more
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