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Jazz terms for exam 1
terms for exam 1
32
Music
Undergraduate 3
10/02/2012

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Term
Trumpet:
Definition
has an unmistakable timbre with brilliant overtones. Most common brass instrument
Term
Clarinet:
Definition
has a thin piercing sound. Standard component of the New Orleans jazz style..achieved greater renown during the swing era of the 1930’s.
Term
Trombone:
Definition
low pitched brass instrument. Allows player to glide from one note to another
Term
Bass/Tuba:
Definition
very low pitched. often used as a bass instrument because of its powerful volume. Supports the harmony and plays a basic rhythmic foundation
Term
Piano
Definition
part of the rhythm section.. primarily harmony. Provide harmony, bass, and percussion
Term
Banjo
Definition
part of the rhythm section
Term
Beat
Definition
Pulse. Rhythm moving at a given steady rate, like your heartbeat.
Term
Tempo
Definition
the speed of a piece of music. The rate at which the beat or pulse moves.
Term
3 basic types of jazz tempos
Definition
Ballad tempo= slow tempo

Medium tempo= most popular in jazz, and goes at a medium speed...

Up tempo= fast tempo.
Term
Meter
Definition
the organization of recurring pulses/beats into patterns.

-most common meter in music consists of 4 beats.
Term
Measure or Bar
Definition
a rhythmic unit lasting from one downbeat to the next.
Term
Cadenza

Name a song that uses it:
Definition
unaccompanied musical passage played by a soloist.

-this is used in the song: Armstrong- West End Blues.
Term
Foundation Layers definition:

What instruments involved:
Definition
continuous, unchanging patterns whose very repetition provides a framework for a musical piece

The bass plays a steady stream of evenly spaced notes. High above it, the drummer reinforces this pattern on the ride cymbal
Term
Collective Improvisation
Definition
method of improvisation found in New Orleans jazz in which several instruments in the front line improvise simultaneously in a dense, polyphonic texture.
Term
Call and Response

Where dose this originate?
Definition
A statement made by one musician is then answered by another, like in West End Blues.

African American slaves working in the fields would use it as a sort of communication between each other. Used in Miles Davis’s “So What”
Term
Trading Fours

main instrument featured:
Definition
where each musician trades 4 measures( can be more or less) with the drummer.

Saxophone..trumpet?
Term
Melody:
Definition
lolwut???
Term
Tonic
Definition
the first degree of the scale, or the chord build on the first scale degree. Most basic form, home base.
Term
Major scale:
Definition
the most common scale in Western music. The pattern of whole and half steps WWHWWWH
Term
Harmony
Definition
Is the simultaneous sending of 2 pitches. Like paints, hey can be combined to create different colors.
Term
Chord:
Definition
Combination of 3 or more notes played simultaneously.
Term
Harmonic Progression
Definition
Is the movement from chord to chord, this conveys a feeling of propulsion.
Term
Dissonance
Definition
A sound that is considered to be unstable. The quality of an unstable harmony that resolves to another chord.
Term
Consonnance

How do dissonance and connance relate to musical movement?
Definition
A chord that is at rest, or stable. The quality of harmony that'stable and doesn't need to resolve to another chord.

Gives a feel of moving the music forward.
Term
Phrase:
Definition
Complete music thought. much like a sentence in speech.
Term
Half cadence

Full cadence

Think about phrase...
Definition
Half Cadence- a complete phrase that sounds unresolved

Full Cadence- a complete phrase that ends with a sense of resolution. Much like the period at the end of a sentence
Term
What two elements combine to create song form...
Definition
Chorus and verses.
Term
Blues
Definition
a musical/poetic form in African American culture, created 1900 and widely influential around the world. Marked by its unusual 3 line stanza. It became a musical form through its distinctive chord progression in the accompaniment to ballads. The blues is a personal window into the singer’s mind which matched the mood of the time.
Term
Popular – minstrelsy
Definition
Attentive white performers studied their black counterparts, adopting their comedic and dance styles and accompanying themselves on the banjo. a type of song created by professional songwriters especially in the period of the 1920’s to the 1960’s
Term
Chorus
Definition
a single statement of the harmonic and rhythmic jazz. The repeated portion of a popular song, often introduced by its verse
Term
Up beat
Definition
A note played in the middle of the beat, diving the beat.
Term
Rubato
Definition
the technique of speeding up and slowing down at the musicians desire.
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