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jazz ch1 (deveaux)
terms from ch1
48
Music
Undergraduate 1
02/19/2010

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Term
timbre
Definition
quality of sound or tone color
Term
mutes
Definition
physical devises put on bell of instrument to distort the sound
Term
timbre variation
Definition
unusual sounds for expressive purposes throat growling sounds i.e. wa-wa ya-ya sound
Term
what is major purpose for using timbre?
Definition
individuality
Term
wind instruments
Definition
aka horns, blow air into for sound
Term
strings
Definition
bass, guitar
Term
percussion
Definition
drums
Term
a.soloists
b.rhythm section
Definition
a.improvise in the spotlight
b.accompaniment
Term
vibrato
Definition
wobble in pitch
Term
how to change sound in wind instruments?
Definition
1. change length of tube
2. blow with more force
Term
embouchure
Definition
shaping and positioning of lips/facial muscles; increases speed of air in a dramatic way
Term
overtone
Definition
higher pitches caused by secondary vibrations of main sound wave
Term
what instrument uses a mouthpiece? what does this do?
Definition
brass i.e. trumpet and cornet; creates a buzz mving the column of air and produce tones
Term
what do brass instruments have instead of holes?
Definition
valves; used to control air in the passageway of tubing of various lengths
Term
a.harmon mute
b.plunger mute
Definition
a.hollow mute with hole in center; w/ or w/o tube in center, mainly w/o
b.sink plunger
Term
glissando
Definition
aka smear; player glides seamlessly from one note to another
Term
reed instruments
Definition
mouthpiece b/t lips, i.e clarinet and sax
Term
harmony instuments
Definition
part of rhythm sect. include vibraphone, organ sythesizer, electric piano, guitar and banjo, most important = piano
Term
pizzicato
Definition
pluckig strings with their fingers (common in bass)
Term
one man percussion section w/in rhythm sect.?
Definition
drum kit/drum set; bass drum, snare, cymbals footpedals tom-toms
Term
dynamics
Definition
term to indicate VOLUME
Term
free rhythm
Definition
like breathing, aka "breath rhythm" constant and can be sped up or slowed down
Term
cadenza
Definition
classical word for unaccompanied passage of brilliant vituosity
Term
rubato
Definition
familiar melody speeds up and slows down i.e. "over the rainbow" by Tatum
Term
what are the types of meter? (name 3)
Definition
duple (most common)- patterns of 2 or 4
triple- groups of 3 i.e. waltz
irregular- i.e. 1-2-3,1-2
Term
downbeat
Definition
where begin counting
Term
ryhthmic contrast
Definition
simultaneous use o contrasting rhythms
Term
foundation layers
Definition
continuous unchanging patterns
Term
"keeping time"
Definition
pulse, foundation layers
Term
call and response
Definition
a statement by one musician (call) immediately answered by a counter statement (response)
Term
(jazz slang) what does it mean to have "big ears?"
Definition
to be ready to respond at any given moment
Term
syncopation
Definition
strong accent contradicts basic meter
Term
explain 'groove' and 'swing groove'
Definition
grove is combining a stead 4-beat rhythm in bass & cymbal with a backbeat; a swing groove means to divide the main beat in an interesting way
Term
what is the term there really isnt a definition for?
Definition
swing
Term
pitch
Definition
measured by frequency or vibrations/sec
Term
octave
Definition
Term
half step
Definition
interval seperating each note
Term
major mode vs. minor mode
Definition
major- most basic scale in western music; minor- different halfstep/wholestep pattern DIFFERENCE IN 3RD DEGREE SCALE
Term
intonation
Definition
playing in tune
Term
phrases
Definition
melodic phrases, short or long
Term
riff
Definition
repeated melody; usually short
Term
ostinato
Definition
any melody that repats insistently
Term
harmonic progression
Definition
series of chords placed in strict rhythmic sequence
Term
what are stable chords called? unstable?
Definition
consonant, dissonant
Term
cadence
Definition
end of a phrase where chord progression rests; half or full
Term
harmonic substitutions
Definition
replacing chords with ones they like
Term
what is texture? what are the types?
Definition
texture = the way it balances the harmony and melody.
types= homophony (supported by harmonic accompaniment) monophony (melody exists on its own) polyphony ( 2+ melodies of equal interest played same time)
Term
stop time
Definition
different monomphonic texture; series of breaks, 3x a bar or once every bar
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