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Details

Jarvis Ch. 15
Ears
163
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
02/23/2014

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
The ear is the sensort organ for hearing and maintaining __________.
Definition
Equilibrium.
Term
What are the three general parts of the ear?
Definition

1. The external ear (auricle/pinna)

2. The middle ear

3. The inner ear

Term
The auricle (pinna) consists of what two things?
Definition

1. Movable cartilage

2. Skin

Term
What six elements function as landmarks of the outer ear?
Definition

1. Helix

2. Antihelix

3. External auditory meatus

4. Tragus

5. Antitragus

6. Lobule

Term
What is the main function of the external ear?
Definition
To funnel sound waves into the opening of the ear.
Term
What is the function of the external auditory canal?
Definition
To funnel sound waves into the opening of the ear.
Term
The external auditory canal is 2.5 to 3 cm long in the adult and terminates (ends) where?
Definition
At the ear drum (tympanic membrane).
Term
The external auditory canal is lined with glands that secrete this substance.
Definition
Cerumen
Term
Cerumen is a yellow, waxy material that lubricates and protects the ear. What does the cerumen form and what is its function?
Definition
The wax forms a sticky barrier that helps keep foreign bodies from entering and reaching the sensitive tympanic membrane.
Term
What movements cause cerumen to migrate out to the meatus?
Definition
Chewing and talking.
Term
The outer 1/3 of the ear canal is made of what?
Definition
Cartilage
Term
The inner two 2/3 of the ear canal consists of what?
Definition
Bone covered by thin, sensitive skin.
Term
The ear canal has a slight S- curve in what age group?
Definition
The adult.
Term
This structure separates the external and the middle ear and is tilted obliquely to the ear canal, facing downward and somewhat forward.
Definition
The Tympanic Membrane (TM) or Eardrum
Term
The eardrum is a translucent membrane with a ______ ______ color and a prominent cone of light in the __________ quadrant, which is the reflection of the otoscope light.
Definition

Pearly grey

Anterioinferior 

Term
The ear drum is oval and slightly concave, pulled in at its center by one of the middle ear ossicles, the _________.
Definition
Malleus
Term
What are the 3 parts of the malleus that show through the translucent eardrum?
Definition

1. Umbo

2. Manubrium (the handle)

3. The short process 

Term
The small, slack, superior section of the tympanic membrane is called the ____ __________.
Definition
Pars flaccida
Term
The remainder of the eardrum (that isn't the pars flaccida) which is thicker and more taut, is the ____ ________.
Definition
Pars tensa
Term
The _________ is the outer fibrous rim of the drum.
Definition
Annulus
Term
Lymphatic drainage of the external ear flows to what 3 regions of lymph nodes?
Definition

1. Parotid

2. Mastoid

3. Superficial cervical 

Term
What region of the ear is a tiny air-filled cavity inside the temporal bone?
Definition
The middle ear
Term
The middle ear contains tiny ear bones, or auditory ossicles. Name the 3 ossicles.
Definition

1. Malleus

2. Incus

3. Stapes

Term
The middle ear has several openings. Its opening to the outer ear is covered by the ______ _________.
Definition
Tympanic Membrane (eardrum)
Term
The middle ear has openings to the inner ear as well as the outer ear. The openings to the inner ear are the _______ ________ at the end of the stapes and the _______ ____________.
Definition

Oval window

Round window

Term
Another opening to the middle ear is the ______________ ______.
Definition
Eustacian tube.
Term
What does the eustachian tube connect and what is its function?
Definition

It connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx. 

It allows passage of air. 

 

 

Term
The eustachian tube is normally closed, but it opens with _______ or _________.
Definition
Swallowing or yawning.
Term
List the 3 functions of the middle ear.
Definition

1. Conducts sound vibrations from the outer ear to the central hearing apparatus in the inner ear.

2. Protects the inner ear by reducing the amplitude of loud sounds. 

3. Eustachian tube allows equalization of air pressure on each side of the tympanic membrane so that the membrane doesn't rupture. 

Term
The inner ear is embedded in _______.
Definition
Bone
Term
The _____ _________ of the inner ear holds the sensory organs for equilibrium and hearing.
Definition
Bony labyrinth
Term
Within the bony labyrinth, the _______ and the ___________ canals compose the vestibular apparatus and the cochlea.
Definition

Vestibule 

Semicircular canals

Term
What does the cochlea of the inner ear contain?
Definition
The central hearing apparatus
Term
Can you directly assess the inner ear? Why or why not?
Definition
No. The inner ear is not accessable. However, you can assess its functions.
Term
The function of hearing involves the auditory system at what 3 levels?
Definition

1. Peripheral

2. Brainstem

3. Cerebral Cortex

Term
The ear transmits sound and converts its vibrations into electrical impulses, which can be analyzed by the brain. Which level of hearing does this describe?
Definition
The peripheral level
Term
The ______ is how loud a stimulus is.
Definition
Amplitude
Term
The _______ of the stimulus is the pitch, or the number of cycles per second.
Definition
Frequency
Term
Sound waves produce vibrations on the _______ ___________.
Definition
Tympanic membrane
Term
Vibrations produced on the TM are carried by the middle ear ossicles to the _____ ________.
Definition
Oval window
Term
Sound waves travel through the ______, (which is coiled like a snail's shell), and dissapates on the round window.
Definition
Cochlea
Term
Along the way (of sound transmission), the ______ ___________ vibrates at a point specific to the frequency of the sound.
Definition
Basilar membrane
Term
The numerous fibers along the basilar membrane are the receptor hair cells of the _____ of _____.
Definition
Organ of Corti
Term
What is the Organ of Corti?
Definition
The sensory organ of hearing.
Term
As the hair cells bend, they mediate the vibrations into electrical impulses that are conducted by the auditory portion of cranial nerve ____ to the brainstem.
Definition
VIII- Vestibulocochlear.
Term
The function of the brainstem is _______ ___________, which permits locating the direction of a sound in space as well as identifying the sound.
Definition
binaural interaction
Term
Each ear is actually only ____ of the total sensory organ. The ears are located on each side of a moveable head. Cranial nerve _____ from each ear sends signals to both sides of the brainstem.
Definition

1/2

VIII- Vestibulocochlear

Term
What is the function of the cerebral cortex pertaining to the pathway of hearing?
Definition
To interpret the meaning of the sound and begin the appropriate response.
Term
The normal pathway of hearing is ____ ____________.
Definition
Air conduction (AC). It is the most efficient.
Term
An alternate route of hearing is by ____ __________.
Definition

Bone conduction. (BC)

The bones of the skull vibrate. These vibrations are transmitted directly to the inner ear and to cranial nerve 8. 

Term
_________ ______ is anything that obstructs the transmission of sound and impairs hearing.
Definition
Hearing loss.
Term
A _______ hearing loss involves a mechanical dysfunction of the external or middle ear. It is a partial loss because the person is able to hear if the sound amplitude is increased enough to reach normal nerve elements in the inner ear.
Definition
Conductive.
Term
Conductive hearing loss maybe be caused by what 5 problems?
Definition

1. Impacted cerumen

2. Foreign bodies

3. Perforated tympanic membrane

4. Pus or serum in the middle ear

5. Otosclerosis

Term
What is "Otosclerosis?"
Definition
A decrease in mobility of the ossicles (may result in conductive hearing loss)
Term
A ___________ (or perceptive) hearing loss signifies pathology of the inner ear, Cranial Nerve 8, or the auditory areas of the cerebral cortex. A simple increase in amplitude may not enable the person to understand words.
Definition
Sensorineural.
Term
Sensorineural hearing loss may be causes by what 2 factors?
Definition

1. Presbycusis

2. Ototoxic drugs

 

Term

What is "Presbycusis?"

 

Definition
A gradual nerve degeneration that occurs with aging.
Term
A _____ hearing loss is a combination of conductive and sensorinerual types in the same ear.
Definition
Mixed.
Term
What part of the ear is responsible for maintaining equilibrium in the body?
Definition

Labyrinth (in the inner ear).

It constantly feeds information to your brain about your body's position in space. 

Term
The labyrinth works like a plumb line to determine ______ and ______.
Definition

Verticality and depth. 

 

The ears plumb lines register the angle of your head in relation to gravity. 

Term
If the labyrinth ever becomes inflamed, it feeds the wrong information to the brain, creating a staggering gait and a strong, spinning, whirling sensation called __________.
Definition
Vertigo.
Term
The inner ear starts to develop in the _____ week of gestation.
Definition
Fifth
Term
In early development, the ear is _______ rotated and low set; later it ascends to its normal placement around the _____ level.
Definition

Posteriorly.

Eye.

Term
If maternal rubella infection occurs during the first timester of pregnancy, it can damage the ______ __ ______ and impair hearing.
Definition
Organ of Corti
Term
The infant's eustachian tube is relatively _____ and ________ and it's position is more horizontal than the adult's.
Definition
Shorter and wider
Term
Because of the anatomy of the infant's eustachian tube, it is easier for pathogens from the ____________ to migrate to the middle ear.
Definition
Nasopharynx.
Term
The _____ of the infant's eustachian tube is surround by lymohoid tissue (which increases in childhood), thus it is easily occluded (causing infections).
Definition
Lumen.
Term
What age group is at the greatest risk for midde ear infection?
Definition
Infants
Term
Why are infants and young children at a greater risk for middle ear infections?
Definition

Ear canal is shorter and has a slope opposite to that of the adults. 

 

Infants--> Shorter eustachian tube, lumen surrounded by lymphoid tissue

Term
Otosclerosis is a common cause of _______ hearing loss in young adults between the ages of 20 and 40 years.
Definition
Conductive.
Term
What occurs in the ear with the condition of Otosclerosis?
Definition
It is a gradual hardening that causes the footplate of the stapes to become fixed in the oval window, impeding the transmission of sound and causing progressive deafness.
Term
In the the aging person, ____ lining the ear canal become course and stiff.
Definition
Cilia
Term
The course/stiff cilia in aging people may cause ______ to accumulate and oxidize, which greatly reduces hearing.
Definition
Cerumen
Term
The cerumen itself is drier (in aging people) because of atrophy of the ______ glands.
Definition
Apocrine
Term
A life history of frequent ear infections (in the aging patient) may result in _______ on the drum, impairing hearing.
Definition
Scarring
Term
Impacted _______ is common in aging adults and in other at-risk groups who may underrepport the associated hearing loss.
Definition
Cerumen
Term
Ceruman impaction also blocks conduction in those wearing _____ ___ and accounts for 70% of the "malfunction" of these devices that are returned to the manufacturer.
Definition
Hearing aids.
Term
Cerumen should be removed when it leads to __________ hearing loss, or interferes with full assessment of the ear.
Definition
Conductive
Term
What are Ceruminolytics?
Definition
Wax-softening agents that expedite removal with electric or manual irrigators.
Term
A person living in a _____ -polluted area has an increased risk for hearing loss.
Definition
Noise
Term
____________ is a type of hearing loss that occurs with 60% of those older than 65 years, even in people living in a quiet environment.
Definition
Presbycusis
Term
Presbycusis is a gradual sensorineural loss caused by _____ _____________ in the inner ear that slowly progresses after the fifth decade.
Definition
Nerve degeneration
Term
What condition does this describe: "The person first notices a high-frequency tone loss; it is harder to hear consonants than vowels. Much speech information is lost, and words sound garbled. The ability to localize sound is impaired also. This communication dysfunction is accentuated with bad background noise."
Definition
Presbycusis.
Term
This condition occurs because of obstruction of the eustachian tube or passage of nasopharyngeal secretions into the middle ear.
Definition
Otitis Media (OM) (middle ear infection)
Term
OM is one of the most common illnesses in _________.
Definition
Children
Term
OM is so common that ___% of all children younger than ___ years have had at least one episode of OM.
Definition

90%

2 years

Term
The most important cause of OM is environmental-related. Children in high-risk groups usually have multiple ________, and the total bacterial load is high.
Definition
pathogens
Term
Predisposing risk-factors for OM: (7)
Definition

1. Absense of breast feeding in 1st 3 months

2. Exposure to tobacco smoke

3. Daycare attendance

4. Male gender

5. Pacifier use

6. Seasonality (fall/winter)

7. Underlying diseases

Term
Feeding by bottle in the supine position increases risk of OM because the effects of _______ and _________ draw the nasopharyngeal contents directly into the middle ear.
Definition

Gravity and Sucking

 

*Urge parents to breastfeed whenever possible!

Term
When bottle feeding a baby, what 2 things should you not do?
Definition

1. Prop the bottle

2. Let the baby take a bottle to bed

Term
What is the most important side effect of Acute Otitis Media?
Definition
The persistance of fluid in the middle ear after treatment.
Term
The most important side effect of acute otitis media is the persistence of fluid in the middle ear after treatment. This middle ear effusion can impair hearing, placing the child at risk for delayed ________ development.
Definition
Cognitive
Term
Cerumen is genetically determined to be what 2 major types?
Definition

1. Dry Cerumen

2. Wet cerumen

Term
Describe dry cerumen
Definition

1. Grey

2. Flakey

3. Frequently forms a thin mass in the ear canal

Term
Describe wet cerumen
Definition

1. honey brown to dark brown

2. moist

 

*More frequent in Caucasians and African Americans

Term
The presense and composition of _______ are not related to poor hygiene.
Definition
Cerumen
Term
Take caution to avoid mistaking the flaky, dry cerumen for ______ lesions.
Definition
eczematous
Term

A history of chronic ear problems suggests possible _____.

A. Otorrhea

B. Sequelae

C. Presbycusis 

D. Tinnitus

Definition
Sequelae
Term

__________ suggests infected canal or perforated eardrum. 

A. Otorrhea

B. Microtia

C. Atresia

D. Perforation

Definition
Otorrhea
Term
_________ is gradual onset hearing loss over years, whereas trauma hearing loss is often sudden.
Definition
Presbycusis
Term
__________ is a marked loss when speech is at low intensity, but sound actually becomes painful when speaker repeats in a loud voice.
Definition
Recruitment
Term
_______ originates within the person; it accompanies some hearing or ear disorders. It seems louder with no competition from environmental noise.
Definition
Tinnitus
Term
________ vertigo feels like the room spins.
Definition
Objective.
Term
__________ vertigo, person feels like he/she spins.
Definition
Subjective.
Term
Distinguish true ______ from light-headness or dizziness.
Definition
vertigo
Term
Recurrent OM is __ episodes in the past 3 months or __ within the past year.
Definition
3, 4
Term
Passive or gestational ______ are risk factors for OM.
Definition
smoke
Term
For an ear inspection: Position the adult sitting up ____ with his/her head at your ___ level.
Definition

Straight

Eye

Term
The preferred method of cleaning the adult canal is to soften the cerumen with a warm solution of _______ ___ and ________ _______. Then the canal is irrigated with ______ water (body temp) with a bulb syringe or a low pulsatile dental irrigator.
Definition

Mineral oil

Hydrogen peroxide

Warm

Term
Ears are of _____ size bilaterally with no swelling or thickening.
Definition
equal
Term

________: Ears are smaller than 4 cm vertically

 

A. Macrotia

B. Microtia 

Definition
B. Microtia
Term

__________: Ears are larger than 10 cm. (Edema with infection or trauma)

 

A. Macrotia

B. Microtia

Definition
A. Macrotia
Term
______ and ____ occur with otitis externa, eczema, contact dermatitis, seborrhea.
Definition
Crusts and scaling
Term
Enlarged, tender lymph nodes in the region of the external ear indicate inflammation of the ______ or the _______ ________.
Definition
Pinna, mastoid process
Term
Red/blue discoloration of the external ear is an indication of _________.
Definition
Frostbite
Term
The skin color of the external ear should be consistent with the person's _____ skin color. The skin is intact with no lumps or lesions.
Definition
facial
Term
On some patients you may note ____ ______, a small, painless nodule on the helix. This is a congenital variation and is not significant.
Definition
Darwin's tubercle.
Term
Tenderness: Move the Pinna and push on the tragus. They should feel ____, and movement should produce no _____.
Definition

Firm

Pain

Term
As you inspect the external ear, note the size of the auditory meatus. Then chose the _____ speculum that will fit comfortably in the ear canal and attach it to the otoscope.
Definition
largest
Term
Pull the pinna ___ and ___ on an adult or older child.
Definition
Up and back
Term
Pull the pinna ____ on an infant or any child under 3 years.
Definition
down
Term
Hold the otoscope "upside down" along your fingers and have the _____ of your hand along the person's cheek braced to steady the otoscope.
Definition
Dorsa (back)
Term
The external canal --> Frank blood or clear, watery drainage (CSF) after trauma suggests basal _____ fracture and warrents immediate referral.
Definition
skull
Term
A pure tone audiometer gives a precise quantitative measure of hearing by assessing the person's ability to hear sounds of varying _____________.
Definition
Frequency
Term
Using an_____, have the patients raise their hands when they hear tones of varying frequencies (each tone is 1.5 seconds).
Definition
Audiometer
Term
Whispered voice test
Definition

Test one ear at a time (block unused ear).

Shield your lips (no lip-reading).

Keep head 1-2 feet away.

Whisper 3 random numbers and letters. 

Patient repeats back. 

If response is incorrect, do it again.

Passing: 3 out of 6

Term
Tuning fork tests measure hearing by ____ conduction or by _____ conduction, in which the sound vibrates through the cranial bones to the inner ear.
Definition
air, bone
Term
These tests (for hearing) have been shown to be inaccurate and do not yield precise or reliable data. Thus, they shoul not be used for general screening.
Definition
Tuning fork tests. (Weber and Rinne)
Term
The ________ test assesses the ability of the vestibular apparatus in the inner ear to help maintain standing balance.
Definition
Romberg
Term
Low-set ears are found with what childhood condition?
Definition
Trisomy
Term
________ assessment is mandatory for any infant or child requiring care for illness or fever.
Definition
Eardrum
Term
For the infant or the young child, the timing of the otoscopic examination is best at the _____ of the complete examination.
Definition
end
Term
Ear pain and ear rubbing are associated with _____ ___, as are a cloudy, bulging eardrum and a distinctly red eardrum.
Definition
Acute OM
Term
At birth, the patency of the ear canal is determined but the otoscopic examination is not performed because the canal is filled with _______ _____ and _____ _______. After a few days, the TM is examined.
Definition

Amniotic fluid

Vernix caseosa

Term
During the first few days, the infant's TM often looks thickend and opaque. It may look "_____" and have a mild redness from increased vascularity. The ear drum also looks like this in infants after crying.
Definition
"Injected."
Term
The position of the eardrum is more ______ in the neonate, making it more difficult to see completely and harder to differentiate from the canal wall.
Definition
horizontal
Term
By ____ month of age, the drum is in the oblique (more vertical) position as in the older child and examination is a bit easier.
Definition
1
Term
When examining an infant or young child, a pneumatic bulb attachment enables you to direct a light puff of air toward the drum to assess __________.
Definition
Vibratility.
Term
_______ is the absence or closure of the ear canal.
Definition
Atresia
Term
For the newborn's first 6 weeks, drum _______ is the best indicator of middle ear infection.
Definition
immobility
Term
Chronic OM is relieved by ________ tubes.
Definition
tympanostomy
Term
A Tymoanostomy tube is inserted surgically into the central part of the eardrum in the case of Chronic OM to ______ pressure and drain secretions.
Definition
equalize
Term
An aging adult may have pendulous earlobes with linear wrinkling because of loss of _______ of the Pinna.
Definition
Elasticity
Term
During the otoscopy of the aging adult, the eardrum normally may be ____ in color and more _______, duller than in the younger adult. It may also look thickened.
Definition

whiter

opaque

Term
A ____-tone frequency hearing loss (in the aging adult) is apparent with those affected with presbycusis, the hearing loss that occurs with aging.
Definition
high
Term
Aging adults with presbycusis feel that people are "_________" and feel isolated in family or friendship groups.
Definition
Presbycusis
Term

Reddish blue discoloration and swelling of auricle after exposure to extreme cold. Vesicles or bullae may develop, the person feels pain and tenderness, and ear necrosis may ensue. 


A. Keloid

B. Tophi

C. Brachial remnent and ear deformity 

D. Frostbite


Definition
Frostbite
Term

An infection of the outer ear, with severe painful movement of the pinna and tragus, redness and swelling of pinna and canal, scanty purulent discharge, scaling, itching, fever, and enlarged tender regional lymph nodes. Hearing is normal or slightly diminished. More common in hot, humid weather/ Swimming causes canal to become waterlogged and swell; skinfolds are set up for infections. Prevent by using rubbing alcohol of 2% acetic acid eardrops after every swin. 


A.Exostosis

B.Otitis Externa 

C. Furuncle

D.Osteoma

Definition
Otitis Externa
Term

A facial remnant or leftover of the embryologic branchial arch usually appears as a skin tag. They occur most often in the preauricular area, in front of the tragus. When bilateral, there is increased risk for renal anomalies. 


A. Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Helicus

B. Branchial Remnant and Ear Deformity

C. Sebaceous Cyst

D. Keloid

Definition
Branchial Remnant and Ear Deformity
Term

Inflammation of loose, subcutaneous connective tissue. Shows as thickening and induration of auricle with distorted contours. 


A. Cellulitis

B. Carcinoma

C. Tophi

D. Sebaceous Cyst

 

 

Definition
Cellulitis
Term

Location is commonly behind lobule, in the postauricular fold. A nodule with central black punctum indicates blocked sebaceous gland. It is filled with waxy sebaceous material and is painful if it becomes infected. Often are multiple. 


A. Polyp

B. Excessive Cerumen

C. Carcinoma

D. Sebaceous Cyst

Definition
Sebaceous Cyst
Term

Small, whitish yellow, hard, nontender nodules in or near helix or antihelix; contain greasy, chalky material of uric acid crystals and are a sign of gout. 


A. Keloid

B. Tophi

C. Furuncle

D. Osteoma

Definition
Tophi
Term

Painful nodules develop on the rim of the helix (where there is no cushioning subcutaneous tissue) as a result of repetitive mechanical pressure or environmental trauma (sunlight). They are small, indurated, dull red, poorly defined, and very painful. 


A. Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Helicus

B. Brachial Remnant and Ear Deformity

C. Frostbite

D. Carcinoma

Definition
Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Helicus
Term

Overgrowth of scar tissue, which invaded original site of trauma. It is more common in dark-skinned people, although it also occurs in whites. In the ear it is most common at lobule at the site of a pierced ear. 


A. Carcinoma

B. Tophi

C. Keloid

D. Sebaceous Cyst

Definition
Keloid
Term

Ulcerated, crusted nodule with indurated base that fails to heal. Bleeds intermittently. Must refer for biopsy. Usually occurs on the superior rim of the pinna, which has the most sun exposure. May occur also in ear canal and show chronic discharge that is either serosanguineous or bloody. 


A. Exotosis

B. Foreign Body

C. Carcinoma

D. Furincle

Definition
Carcinoma
Term

Produced or impacted because of narrow, tortuous canal or poor cleaning method. May show as round ball partially obscuring drum or totally occluding canal. Even when canal is 90% to 95% blocked, hearing stays normal. But when last 5% to 10% is totally occluded, person has ear fullness and sudden hearing loss.


A. Polyp

B. Exotosis

C. Foreign Body

D. Excessive Cerumen

Definition
Excessive Cerumen
Term

Sever swelling of canal, inflammation, tenderness. 

 

A. Furuncle

B. Polyp

C. Osteoma

D. Otitis externa

Definition
Otitis externa
Term

Usually it is children who place a ____body in the ear, which is later noted on routine examination. Common objects are beans, corn, breakfast cereals, jewelry beads, small stones, sponge rubber. Cotton is most common in adults and becomes impacted from cotton-tipped applicators. A trapped live insect in uncommon but makes person frantic.

A. Strange Body

B. Foriegn Body

C. Unwanted Body

D. Problematic Body

Definition
Foreign Body
Term

Single, stony, hard, rounded nodule that obscures the drum; nontender; overlaying skin appears normal. Attached to inner third, the bony part, of canal. Benign, but refer for removal.


A. Furuncle

B. Polyp

C. Exostosis

D. Osteoma

Definition
Osteoma
Term

More common than osteoma. Small, bony hard, rounded nodules of hypertrophic bone, covered with normal epithelium. They arise near the drum but usually do not obstruct the view of the drum. They are usually multiple and bilateral. They may occure more frequently in cold-water swimmers. They condition needs to treatment, although it may cause accumulation of cerumen, which blocks the canal.


A. Otitis externa

B. Excessive Cerumen

C. Exostosis

D. Polyp

Definition
Exostosis
Term

Arises in canal from granulomatous or mucosal tissue; redder than surrounding skin and bleeds easily; bathed in foul, purulent discharge; indicates chronic ear disease. Begign, but refer for excision. 


A. Polyp

B. Furuncle

C. Keloid

D. Tophi

Definition
Polyp
Term

Exquisitely painful, redenned, infected hair follicle. It may occur on the tragus on the cartilaginous part of the ear canal. Regional kymphadenopathy often accompanies it. 


A. Polyp

B. Sebaceous Cyst

C. Furuncle

D. Osteoma

Definition
Furuncle
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