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Italy
Italy
36
History
Undergraduate 1
10/06/2013

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Cards

Term
Romulus and Remus
Definition
Mythical legend where Romulus was the founder and first ruler of Rome. Very untrue.
Term
The Senate
Definition
The assembly that was the main institution of government in the Roman republic. It grew out of an earlier council of advisors.
Term
Patricians
Definition
The Roman aristocracy; wealthy landowners who held political power.
Term
Plebeians
Definition
The common people of Rome, who had few of the patricians' advantages.
Term
"Struggle of the Orders"
Definition
Inequality between patricians and plebeians. Patricians wanted more power and plebeians walked out of Rome and went on strike from the army.
Term
Optimates
Definition
The Senate, Nobles, and the Rich.
Term
Populares
Definition
The Armies, Generals, and the Masses.
Term
The Etruscans
Definition
Built the first cities north of Magna Graecia. Adopted the Greek alphabet. Established permanent cities that resembled Greek city-states.
Term
Consuls
Definition
Primary executives in the ROman republic, elected for one-year terms, who commanded the army in battle, administered state business, and supervised financial affairs; originally the office was limited to patricians.
Term
Tribunes
Definition
The officials of the plebeians.
Term
Equestrians
Definition
Horse riders
Term
Latifundia
Definition
Huge estates
Term
Cicero
Definition
Settled in Rome to study law. Was part of the plot to kill Caesar.
Term
Marius and Sulla
Definition
Recruited landless men into the army to put down a rebel king in Africa. He promised them land but didn't go through with his promise.
Term
Manumission
Definition
The freeing of individual slaves by their masters.
Term
Paterfamilias
Definition
The oldest dominant male of the family, who held nearly absolute power over the lives of family members as long as he lived.
Term
Julius Caesar and Gaul
Definition
Born of a noble family. Knew military success led to power so he led his troops to victory in Spain, Gaul, and France.
Term
Punic Wars
Definition
The Romans reached southern Italy and started a conquest of wars. They ended up on the island of Sicily and confronted Carthage. Two different wars, both won by Romans.
Term
Octavian
Definition
Caesar's grandnephew. Fought with Marc Antony and Lepidus to defeat Caesar's murderers. Then turned on Antony and Lepidus.
Term
Marc Antony and Cleopatra
Definition
Were allied. Fought Octavian in the Battle of Actium in Greece. Lost that battle.
Term
First Triumvirate
Definition
Alliance between Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar.
Term
The Gracchi Brothers
Definition
Elected tribunes who were not liked by the wealthy because they wanted to help out the poor.
Term
The Augustan Principate
Definition
31 BCE-160 CE. Ended Civil Wars and kept Roman Civilizations as close as possible.
Term
Pax Romana
Definition
A period of Roman security, order, harmony, flourishing culture, and expanding economy during the first and second centuries.
Term
"Five Good Emperors"
Definition
Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius.
Term
Diocletian
Definition
Emperor who tried to fix the empire. Came before Constantine.
Term
Constantine the Great
Definition
Tolerated Christians. His capitol was Constantinople.
Term
Saul of Tarsus
Definition
A well educated Hellenized Jew who was comfortable in both the Roman and the Jewish worlds. Spread Jesus' teachings.
Term
Cults of Isis and Mithras
Definition
Isis brought her husband back to life and her followers believed she could do it for them too.
Term
The Papacy
Definition
Bishop of Rome
Term
Constantinople (Byzantium)
Definition
New capitol for Constantine's empire.
Term
Eucharist
Definition
Holy Communion
Term
Heretics
Definition
A person who practices or believes against the churches beliefs.
Term
Justinian and Theodora
Definition
Empress died during reign. Reigned from 527-565, after Constantine.
Term
Catholic Western Church
Definition
Ruled by popes.
Term
Orthodox
Definition
Eastern Church. Ruled by the emperors.
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