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Islamic Civ Midterm
Islamic Civ Midterm
76
History
Undergraduate 3
10/30/2010

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Term
al-Masjid al-Haram (Makkah/Mecca)
Definition
Term
al-Masjid al-Nabawi (Medina)
Definition
Term
al-Masjid al-Aqsa (Jerusalem)
Definition
Term
al-Haram al-Sharif (Noble Sanctuary)
Definition
Term
Dome of the Rock
Definition
Term
Antar
Definition
Term
Ghassanids
Definition
Term
Hayy the Son of Yaqzan
Definition
Term
Khadija
Definition
Term
Ali Ibn Abu Talib
Definition
Term
Sunni Islam
Definition
Term
Shi'a Islam
Definition
Term
Umayyads
Definition
Term
Abbasids
Definition
Term
Fatimids
Definition
Term
Buywayids
Definition
Term
Seljuks
Definition
Term
Sassanian Empire
Definition
Term
al-Azhar Mosque and University
Definition
Term
Kufa
Definition
Term
Mu'tazilah
Definition
Term
Hadith (pl. ahadith)
Definition
Term
Ibn Hanbal
Definition
Term
Al-Tabari
Definition
Term
Al-Hallaj
Definition
Term
Battle of Siffin
Definition
Term
Kharijites
Definition
Term
Hijra
Definition
Term
al-Muhajirun
Definition
Term
Al-Ansar
Definition
Term
Islamic calendar
Definition
Term
Five Pillars
Definition
Term
Shu'ubiyya
Definition
Term
mawali
Definition
Term
sanad (pl. isnad)
Definition
Term
matn
Definition
Term
hadith
Definition
Term
Crusades
Definition
Term
Salaheddin
Definition
Term
October 2, 1187 CE
Definition
Term
Marwan II
Definition
Term
Damascus
Definition
Term
Baghdad
Definition
Term
Al-Mansur
Definition
Term
Abu al-Abbas as-Saffah
Definition
Term
ijtihad
Definition
Term
mir'aj
Definition
"Ladder"
Term
isra'
Definition
"Night Journey"
Term
Al-Ghazali
Definition
(1058-1111 CE)
Term
al-'Asha
Definition
(570-629 CE)
Term
Battle of Yarmuk
Definition
(636 CE)
Term
Abu Hanifa
Definition
(699-767 CE)
Term
Ibn Kalbi
Definition
(737-819 CE)
Term
Ibn Tufayl
Definition
(c. 1105-1185 CE)
Term
Ibn Sina
Definition
(c. 980-1037 CE)
Term
Mu'awiyya
Definition
(r. 661-680 CE) The first caliph of the Umayyad dynasty who took over after defeating 'Ali.
Term
Yazid
Definition
(r. 680-683 CE) The son of Mu'awiyya and second Umayyad caliph whose army massacred Husayn's supporters at the Battle of Karbala.
Term
'Ashura, 10 Muharram
Definition
A day of remembrance celebrated by Shi'a Muslims as a day of mourning for the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali.
Term
qiblah
Definition
Arabic word for the direction a Muslim must face during prayer.
Term
Fiqh
Definition
Arabic word meaning "jurisprudence."
Term
ghayba
Definition
Arabic word meaning "occultation" and referring to the Shi'a belief that al-Mahdi, an imam and descent of Muhammad, was born but disappeared and will one day return to fill the world with justice.
Term
'Iqra'
Definition
Arabic word meaning "read" or "recite."
Term
Sahaba
Definition
Arabic word referring to the companions of Muhammad.
Term
fitnah
Definition
Arabic word usually referring to the first Islamic war (656-661 CE), a struggle for the caliphate between 'Ali and Mu'awiyya.
Term
Caliphate vs. imamate
Definition
Both refer to the position of leadership of the Muslim community. The imamate is a divine institution while the caliphate is not.
Term
Karbala
Definition
City outside of Baghdad where Battle of Karbala (680 CE) took place, where Yazid's army massacred Husayn and his supporters.
Term
Waraqa b. Nawfal
Definition
Cousin of Khadija who immediately recognized Muhammad as a prophet after his first revelation.
Term
Shari'ah
Definition
Sacred law of Islam derived from the Qur'an and the Sunna, the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad.
Term
Jibril (Gabriel)
Definition
The angel through whom God gave Muhammad revelations.
Term
Hira'
Definition
The cave near Mecca where Muhammad received his first revelation.
Term
Rashidun
Definition
The four "rightly guided" caliphs.
Term
Qiyas
Definition
The fourth fundamental source of law which means analogical reasoning and refers to concluding that a new principle falls under a given one based on common essential features.
Term
Ka'aba
Definition
The stone building allegedly built by Ibrahim and Ishmael towards which Muslims face during prayer. One of the Five Pillars of Islam (Hajj) requires Muslims to visit the Ka'aba at least once during their lifetime.
Term
ta'ziyah
Definition
The theatrical reenactment of the Battle of Karbala.
Term
Ijma'
Definition
The third fundmental source of Shari'ah law which refers to the consensus of the community. As the biggest influence on the practice of Islam, it is the final word on the Sunna and the Qur'an but is not infallible.
Term
madrasa
Definition
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