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Islam
NE50B ucla
46
Religious Studies
Undergraduate 2
03/14/2011

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Term
Mecca
Definition
Holiest city, has Ka'ba, Muhammad born here in 570 CE
Term
Medina
Definition
2nd holiest city
First Muslim community established here
Term
Quraysh
Definition
Largest tribe in Mecca, Muhammad's tribe
Term
Jahiliyyah
Definition
Living in ignorance of God and the Qur'an
Anyone not following Islam
Paganism
Term
Khadijah
Definition
Muhammad's wife
"mother of the believers"
Term
Hijra
Definition
622 CE
Migration from Mecca to Medina made by Muhammad and his followers
Term
Hijri Calendar
Definition
Dates begin at 622CE at time of migration to Medina
Lunar calandar
Term
ummah
Definition
Transnational community of believers
"Community of Believers"
Term
Qur’an
Definition
Islamic sacred text
Written in Arabic
Compiled by Uthman, 3rd Caliph
Term
Hadith
Definition
Stories of the words and deeds of Muhammad
Main source of Muhammad's life
Term
Sirah
Definition
Biography of Muhammad's life
Term
Sunnah
Definition
Deeds, sayings, and approval of Muhammad
Found in Qu'ran and Hadith
Term
Qiblah
Definition
Direction Muslims should face when praying during salat
Shows unity of Muslims under one God
Term
Jihad (Greater/Lesser)
Definition
"Struggles"
Internal struggle, struggle to improve Muslim society, and struggle to deffend Islam
Also implies warfare
Greater jihad is a personal struggle
Term
Surah
Definition
Chapters of the Qur'an
Term
Ayah
Definition
Verses in the Qu'ran
Term
Fatihah
Definition
First surah of the Qur'an
Prayer for guidance
Term
Tawhid (Oneness of God)
Definition
Islam's monotheism concept
God is one and unique
Term
Kufr
Definition
People who reject the truth (Islam)
Term
Shirk
Definition
Sin of idolatry or beliefe in polytheism
Term
Ahl al-Kitab
Definition
People of the scripture
ex) Jews, Christians
Term
Five Pillars of Islam
Definition
Five basic acts in Islam that are obligatory for all Muslims.
Sign of commitment to the faith

Monotheism. Prayer. Fasting. Almsgiving. Pilgrimage.
Term
Shahadah
Definition
A saying professing monotheism and accepting Muhammad as God's messenger
Term
Salat
Definition
Islamic prayer
Consists of 5 prayers for different times of the day
Friday is special day of prayer
Term
Zakat
Definition
Almsgiving
2.5% of income
Done to eliminate inequalityy
Voluntary charity, NOT to achieve additional divine reward
Term
Sawm
Definition
Fasting
- Reminds self of need for God
- put more effort into following teachings during Ramadan
Term
Hajj
Definition
Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca
Term
Ramadan
Definition
Islamic month of fasting (9th month)
Obligatory atleast once in life
Seek nearness to God especially during this time
Term
Muezzin
Definition
Person who calls you to prayer
Term
Masjid
Definition
Arabic word for "mosque"
Place of worship for Muslims
Term
Four Righteous Caliphs
Definition
Name for the for rulers after death of Muhammad
Term
Abu Bakr
Definition
First Caliph
Muhammad's father-in-law, first Muslim convert
2 successful campaigns against Persian and Byzantine empire
Term
‘Umar
Definition
2nd Caliph
A lot of land conquered, Islamic empire expanded
Great political and military leader
Term
‘Uthman
Definition
3rd Caliph
- wrote and compiled the Qur'an
- expanded empire
-chosen from the committee
- Martyred, egyptians killed him
Term
‘Ali
Definition
4th caliph
- first civil war because Uthman's family wanted revenge against the Egyptians (Alis side)
Term
Caliph
Definition
Ruler of Ummah
Represents politcal unity of Muslims
Impements governmental system
Term
Shari‘ah
Definition
Law of Islam
Term
Umayyad Dynasty
Definition
(661-750)
Heredital kingship -passed down
Muawiyaa becomes Caliph
Term
Mu‘awiyah
Definition
Caliph who began tradition of passing Caliph down to son
Relative of Ali, didn't like Ali and became Caliph after his death
Found Umayyad dynasty
Term
‘Abbasid Revolution
Definition
Culture flourishes
Capital moved to Baghdad, shift eastward
Transforms what it means to be a caliph
Islam has a civilization quality, art
Term
‘Abbasid Dynasty
Definition
750 - 1258
Kept hereditary tradition
Islam redefined, arts and culture flourished
Theologians started to write books, theological schools
Shariah - Islamic law
Term
Shi‘ism
Definition
2nd largest denominate after Sunni
Think Ali should be in charge
3 main sects
-5'ers , 7'ers , 12'ers
Term
Husayn
Definition
Ali's son who fought to get power back to his family
Martyred by Yazid's army
Muhammad's grandson
Term
Imam
Definition
Prayer leader
Among Muhammad's descendants with special spiritual and political authotity over the community
Have divine knowledge, authority, and infallibility
Term
Occultation
Definition
Idea that an imam went into hiding and will return to fill the world with justice
Term
Sufism
Definition
Islamic mysticism
Gained support as a reaction against worldliness of the Umayyad Caliphate
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