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Definition
| a region of water so empty of oxygen that fish are killed or driven away |
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low amounts of dissolved oxygen in water from fertilizer, fossil fuel emissions, runoff, sewage
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Term
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Definition
output from a system moving in one direction acts as input
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Definition
instead of stabilizing a system, it drives it further toward one extreme or another
Exponential growth in human population, erosion, melting sea ice |
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Definition
system processes move in opposing directions balancing their effects
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Definition
a system maintains stable internal conditions
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Definition
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Definition
| the air surrounding our planet |
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Definition
| liquid, solid or vapor water |
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Definition
the planet’s living organisms and nonliving portions of the environment
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Term
| GROSSE PRIMARY PRODUCTION |
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Definition
assimilation of energy by autotrophs
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Term
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Definition
energy remaining after respiration which is used to generate biomass
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Term
| HIGH NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION |
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Definition
ecosystems whose plants rapidly convert solar energy to biomass
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Definition
studies how landscape structure affects the abundance, distribution, and interaction of organisms
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Definition
form the landscape, spread spatially in complex patterns (a mosaic)
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Term
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Definition
a network of subpopulations
Most members stay within patches
Some individuals may move among patches or mate with those of other patches
Individuals in small, isolated patches risk extinction
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Definition
| where nutrients reside for varying amounts of time |
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Definition
the rate at which materials move between pools
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Definition
a pool that releases more nutrients than it accepts
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Definition
a pool that accepts more nutrients than it releases
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Definition
release of water vapor by plants
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Definition
| overdrawing groundwater for drinking, irrigation, and industrial use |
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Term
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Definition
| = lightning or nitrogen-fixing bacteria combine (fix) nitrogen with hydrogen to form ammonium, which can be used
by plants |
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Term
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Definition
production of fertilizers by combining nitrogen and hydrogen to synthesize ammonia
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Term
| HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM RESEARCH |
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Definition
Called for an assessment of hypoxia in the dead zone
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Term
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Definition
Reduce nitrogen fertilizer use in Midwestern farms
Fertilizer at times with minimize runoff
Use alternative crops and manage manure better
Restore wetlands and create artificial ones
Improve sewage treatment technologies |
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Term
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Definition
An Essay on the Principles of Population
Humans will outstrip food supplies
War, disease, starvation reduce populations |
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Term
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Definition
| Neo-Malthusians: population growth will increase faster than food production |
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Term
The IPAT model: I = P × A × T × S
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Definition
Total impact (I) on the environment results from:
Population (P) = individuals need space and resources
Affluence (A) = greater per capita resource use
Technology (T) = increased use of resources
Sensitivity (S) = how sensitive an area is to human pressure |
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Term
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Definition
the amount of productive land and sea available to us
Ecological deficit = ecological footprint > biocapacity
Ecological reserve = ecological footprint < biocapacity
We are running a global ecological deficit |
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Definition
| the number or variety of species in a particular region |
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the similarity in numbers between species
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scientists who classify species
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Definition
groups of related species
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| species richness increases toward the equator |
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Definition
| occurs when the last member of a species dies and the species ceases to exist |
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Definition
| the disappearance of a population from a given area, but not the entire species globally |
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Definition
species facing high risks of extinction
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Term
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Definition
species facing high risks of extinction
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Term
| FOUR PRIMARY CAUSES OF POPULATION DECLINE |
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Definition
1. habitat alteration
2. invasion species
3. pollution
4. overharvesting |
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Term
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Definition
bit by bit degradation of habitat
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Term
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Definition
comes from the Pacific yew tree, Treats cancer
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Definition
| humans love nature and have an emotional bond with other living things |
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Definition
| alienation from biodiversity and nature |
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Definition
| study genetic attributes of organisms to decide status of their populations |
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Term
| MINIMUM VIABLE POPULATION SIZE |
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Definition
| how small a population can become before it runs into problems |
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Definition
| a network of subpopulations, Small populations are most vulnerable to extinction and need special attention |
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Term
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Definition
the primary U.S. legislation for protecting biodiversity
It forbids the government and citizens from taking actions that destroy endangered species or their habitats |
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Term
| UN Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora |
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Definition
| CITES protects endangered species by banning international transport of their body parts |
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Definition
| individuals are bred and raised so they can be reintroduced into the wild |
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Definition
| large and charismatic species used as heads for biodiversity conservation |
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Definition
| species that, when protected, also help protect other, less charismatic species |
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Definition
species found nowhere else in the world
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Term
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Definition
a conservation organization pays off a portion of a developing country’s international debt
In exchange, the country promises to set aside reserves to:
Fund environmental education and
Better manage protected areas
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Term
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Definition
| conservation organizations pay nations to conserve, and not sell, resources |
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