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IPC final fall DC
IPC final ch 10 and 11
31
Science
9th Grade
12/17/2013

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Term
thermometer
Definition
a device that measures temperature
Term
temperature
Definition
a measure of the average kinetic energy of
all the particles within an object
Term
absolute zero
Definition
the temperature at which an object’s
energy is minimal
Term
heat
Definition
the transfer of energy from the particles of one object to those of
another object due to a temperature difference
Term
conduction
Definition
the transfer of energy as heat between particles
as they collide within a substance or between two objects in contact
Term
convection
Definition
the transfer of energy by the movement of
fluids with different temperatures
Term
convection current
Definition
the flow of a fluid due to
heated expansion followed by cooling and contraction
Term
radiation
Definition
the transfer of energy by electromagnetic
waves
Term
conductor
Definition
a material through which energy can be easily
transferred as heat
Term
insulator
Definition
a material that is a poor energy conductor
Term
wave
Definition
a disturbance that transmits energy through matter or
space
Term
medium
Definition
the matter through which a wave travels
Term
mechanical wave
Definition
a wave that requires a medium
through which to travel
Term
electromagnetic wave
Definition
a wave that is caused
by a disturbance in electric and magnetic fields and that does not require a
medium; also called a light wave
Term
transverse wave
Definition
a wave that causes the particles of
the medium to vibrate perpendicularly to the direction the wave travels
Term
longitudinal wave
Definition
a wave that causes the
particles of the medium to vibrate parallel to the direction the wave travels
Term
crest
Definition
the highest point of a transverse wave
Term
trough
Definition
the lowest point of a transverse wave
Term
amplitude
Definition
the greatest distance that particles in a medium
move from their normal position when a wave passes by
Term
wavelength
Definition
the distance between any two successive identical
parts of a wave
Term
period
Definition
the time required for one full wavelength to pass a certain
point
Term
frequency
Definition
the number of vibrations that occur in a 1 s time
interval
Term
wave speed
Definition
the speed at which a wave passes through a
medium
Term
Doppler effect
Definition
an observed change in the frequency of a
wave when the source or observer is moving
Term
reflection
Definition
the bouncing back of a wave as it meets a surface or
boundary
Term
diffraction
Definition
the bending of a wave as it passes an edge or an
opening
Term
refraction
Definition
the bending of waves as they pass from one
medium to another
Term
interference
Definition
the combination of two or more waves that exist
in the same place at the same time
Term
constructive interference
Definition
any
interference in which waves combine so that the resulting wave is bigger than the
original waves
Term
destructive interference
Definition
any interference in
which waves combine so that the resulting wave is smaller than the largest of the
original waves
Term
standing wave
Definition
a wave form caused by interference that
appears not to move along the medium and that shows some regions of no
vibration (nodes) and other regions of maximum vibration (antinodes)
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