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Introduction to World Religions (College Network)
Lesson 8 Vocab
43
Religious Studies
Undergraduate 1
04/12/2014

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Term
Sunni
Definition
traditionalists who believed that a caliph should be elected to lead the Muslim communit for llife, and they affirm that the first four caliphs were legitimate successors of muhammad
Term
'Umar
Definition
successor of the caliphate after Abu Bakr's death, he expanded Islamic control over Egypt, Persia, and Jerusalem
Term
Umayyad Dynasty
Definition
line of succession for the caliphate established by My'awiyah
Term
Ummah
Definition
the islamic community
Term
'Uthman
Definition
successor of the caliphate after Umar's murder, he was murdered by those who believed that the caliph should be a descendant of the Prophet
Term
Wahhabism
Definition
an Islamic revival movement that preaches an orthodox message of traditional Islam and emphasizes a strict monotheism
Term
zakat
Definition
the third of the Five Pillars of Islam, it obligates Muslims to pay tithes for the poor
Term
Abu Bakr
Definition
The First caliph after the death of Muhammad; tradition claims that the prophet chose him to become caliph
Term
'Ali
Definition
Son-in-law of the Prophet who Shiite Muslims regard as the true successor to Muhammad.
Term
Allah
Definition
The Almighty God who Muslims believe is identical to Adonai, the God of the Jews, and the Heavenly Father of Christianity.
Term
Ashura
Definition
An annual festival commemorating Hussein's martydom
Term
fatalism
Definition
The belief that predestination is true
Term
Five Pillars
Definition
The five fundamental principles of faith for Muslims
Term
free will
Definition
The ability to make choices
Term
Hadith
Definition
a non-canonical scripture but a major source of Islamic jurisprudence
Term
hajj
Definition
The annual pilgrimage to Mecca that is the fifth pillar of Islam
Term
Hijrah
Definition
Muhammad's great migration from Mecca to Yathrib in 622 C.E.; it is viewed as the beginning of the Islamic Era
Term
Hussein
Definition
Son of 'Ali who was martyred at the battle of Karbala
Term
Ibn Abd al-Wahhab
Definition
Man who began the Wahhabi movement in the Arabian peninsula in the eighteenth century C.E.
Term
ijma
Definition
The consensus of legal scholars called muftis
Term
Islam
Definition
Arabic word meaning "surrender"
Term
jihad
Definition
Arabic word meaning "Holy War"; there are two types of Jihad-the greater jihad and the lesser jihad
Term
jinni
Definition
Desert spirits who were believed to exist by Arabians prior to the arrival of Muhammad
Term
Kaaba
Definition
An ancient shrine housing a black meteorite stone, it became the major shrine in Islam and remains a site of pilgrimage to this day
Term
Karbala
Definition
Site of battle between 'Ali's sons Mu'awiyah's army that eventually led to secure Mu'awiyah's caliphate
Term
Kemal Ataturk
Definition
The first President of Turkey who secularized Turkey in 1924 while initiating a modernizing program
Term
Mecca
Definition
The religious center of Islam and Islam's Holy City
Term
Medina
Definition
City Muhammad fled in 622 C.E. to avoid persecution in Mecca
Term
Mu'awiyah
Definition
The fourth caliph who centralized authority in Damascus rather than Medina and established a prosperous and expensive empire called the Umayyad Dynasty
Term
mujahdeen
Definition
A fighter for the path of God
Term
Muslim
Definition
Arabic word meaning "one who surrenders"
Term
predestination
Definition
The belief God has predetermined all future events
Term
qiyas
Definition
The use of analogical arguments and draw on precedents to make legal decisions about issues not directly addressed in the Qur'an or the Shariah
Term
Qur'an
Definition
The sacred book of Islam that is revered as the divinely inspired word of God
Term
Ramadan
Definition
The month of fasting that commemorates the revelation of the Qur'an to Muhammad
Term
salat
Definition
The second of the Five Pillars of Islam, it requires five daily prayers so that the believer is constantly reminded of God
Term
Shahadah
Definition
The Islamic confession of faith that states that there is a no God but God
Term
Shariah
Definition
Islamic law that makes no distinction between religion and state, extending Islamic governance over every area of social and individual life
Term
Shiites
Definition
The partisans of 'Ali who do not recognize the authority or leadership of the caliph
Term
Six-Day War
Definition
War started by Israeli preemptive attack on Syria, Jordan, and Egypt; war led to Israel's capture of Jerusalem
Term
Sufi
Definition
Muslim mystics who practice personal devotion to God-ultimately seeking union with God
Term
Sunna
Definition
The sayings and deeds of the Prophet
Term
Muhammad
Definition
The founder of Islam who preached that there was only one God, Allah, and that he was Allah's messenger.
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