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Introduction to Chemistry: Basics
Basic terms and knowledge one must need to begin chemistry 101
52
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
08/22/2012

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Cards

Term
What are the 3 states of matter?
Definition
Liquid, Solid, and Gas
Term
Liquid
Definition
indefinite shape but a definite volume
Term
Solid
Definition
Definite shape and definite volume
Term
Sublimation
Definition
Matter turns from solid to gas
Term
Deposition
Definition
Matter turns from gas to solid
Term
Condensation
Definition
Matter turns from gas to liquid
Term
Evaporation
Definition
Matter turns from liquid to gas
Term
Melting
Definition
Matter turns from solid to liquid
Term
Freezing
Definition
Matter turns from liquid to solid
Term
Chemistry
Definition
The study of matter
Term
Matter
Definition
Something that occupies space and has a mass
Term
Physical Change
Definition
a type of change in which the form of matter is altered but one substance is not transformed into another.

ex: Water to Ice
Term
Chemical Change
Definition
process where one or more substances are altered into one or more new and different substances

chemical reaction
Term
Physical Property
Definition
Things that can be measured without chemically changing the substance, Color, shape, volume, weight, texture, etc.
Term
Chemical property
Definition
Observed when a substance undergoes chemical change, iron rusting, gasoline burning, etc
Term
Two Pure Substances
Definition
Elements and Compounds
Term
Elements
Definition
The building blocks of all matter. They are one thing and cannot be broken into a simpler substance
Term
Compounds
Definition
Combination of 2 or more elements in a FIXED ratio. Written in formulas like H2O, and CO2
Term
Mixture
Definition
Combination of 2 or more substances in NO FIXED RATIO
Term
Homogeneous Mixture
Definition
Uniform properties throughout (one can see no irregularities)
Ex: Salt water- salt dissolves in water, leaves little sign it's there
Term
Heterogeneous Mixture
Definition
Does not have uniform properties throughout
Ex: Sand in water, sand sinks to the bottom and doesn't dissolve
Term
Energy
Definition
Capacity to do work
Term
Exothermic Energy
Definition
Process that absorbs energy
Term
Endothermic Energy
Definition
Process that gives off energy
Term
Law of Conservation of Mass/Energy
Definition
Mass/Energy is neither created nor destroyed through a chemical/physical change
Term
Kinetic Energy
Definition
Energy of motion
Term
Potential Energy
Definition
Stored energy - log, or gasoline that can be burned for energy
Term
Significant Figures- 81.59 How many Sig Figs? Why?
Definition
4 because all non-zero numbers are significant
Term
1.040 How many Sig Figs? Why?
Definition
4 because zeros between numbers are significant
Term
8.740 How many sig figs and why?
Definition
4 because zeros after a decimal are significant
Term
Significant Figures
Definition
Used to show how far numbers are carried out, and how specific the number is.
Term
Rounding Rules- Multiplication and Division
Definition
The least number of sig figs used in calculation are the number of sig figs reported in an answer
Term
Rounding Rules- Addition/subtraction
Definition
The last common place w/ a sig fig used in the calculation is the last place with sig figs recorded in the answer
Term
Put 0.00023 in Scientific notation
Definition
2.3x10^4
Term
Put 5.7x10^-5 in standard notation
Definition
.000057
Term
Formula for speed
Definition
Length/Time
Term
Formula for Density
Definition
Density=Mass/Volume
Term
Density of Water
Definition
1.0g/cm^2
Term
Formula for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit
Definition
F=1.8(C)+32
Term
Formula for finding Kelvin
Definition
K=C+273
Term
Structure of an Atom
Definition
Atoms are made of SUBATOMIC PARTICLES, the proton, neutron, and electron. The proton and neutrons are packed into the nucleus of an atom
Term
Proton
Definition
Positively charged particle (+)
Term
Neutron
Definition
neutral particles
Term
Electrons
Definition
negatively charged particle
Term
Nucleus
Definition
Contains protons and neutrons, and has a positive charge. It is also the mass of the Atom
Term
Electron Cloud
Definition
99.9% of the volume of an atom
Term
Mass Number
Definition
The top number, and the number of protons and neutrons
Term
How does one find the number of neutrons
Definition
Mass Number- Atomic Number
Term
Atomic Number
Definition
The bottom number, and it is the number of protons in an atom
Term

Atomic Number

[image]

Definition

 

6 is the Atomic Number


 

Term

How Many Neutrons?

[image]

Definition

Six

Term

What is the Mass Number?

[image]

Definition

12

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