Details Title: Introduction to Logic Description: Midterm Vocabulary Total Flash Cards: 42 Created: 10/02/2008 18:46:51		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Philosophy Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Persuasive Definition Definition Engender a favorable or unfavorable attitude toward what is denoted by definiendum Term Theoretical Definition Definition Assigns a meaning to a word by suggesting a theory that gives a certain characterization to entities term denotes Term Precising Definition Definition Reduce vagueness of a word Term Lexical Definition Definition Used to report the meaning that a word already has in a language Term Stipulative Definition Definition Assigns a meaning to a word for the first time Term Definiendium Definition Word or group of words supposed to be defined Term Definiens Definition Word or group of words that does the defining Term Empty extension Definition term that denotes the empty call, no members (unicorns) Term Counterexample Definition A substitution instance having true premises and false conclusions Term Uncogent Argument Definition Inductive argument that is weak, has one or more false premises, or both Term Cogent Argument Definition An inductive argument that is strong and has all true premises Term Weak Inductive Argument Definition An argument in which the conclusion does not follow probably from the premises, even though it is claimed to Term Strong Inductive Argument Definition It is improbable that the conclusion be false given that the premises are true Term Unsound Argument Definition Deductive argument that is invalid, has one or more false premises, or both Term Sound argument Definition A deductive argument that is valid and has all true premises Term Invalid deductive argument Definition it is possible that the conclusion could be false given that the premises are true Term Valid deductive argument Definition An argument in which it is impossible for the conclusion to be false given that the premises are true Term Casual inference Definition Proceeds from knowledge of a cause to a claim about an effect, ad reverse Term Categorical syllogism Definition "all", "no", "some" premises Term Hypothetical syllogism Definition "if... then" premises Term Disjunctive syllogism Definition "either... or" statements Term Deductive argument Definition It is impossible for the conclusion to be false given that the premises are true Term Inductive argument Definition Improbable that the conclusion be false given that the premises are true Term Explandum Definition Describes the event or phenomenon to be explained Term Explanans Definition Statement purports to do the explaining Term Explanation Definition most often explains a phenomenon Term Illustration Definition Examples intended to show what what something means Term Expository passages Definition Claim generally accepted; topic sentence then clarifying Term Inferential claim Definition Passage expresses some kind of reasoning Term Terms Distributed A Definition subject Term Terms Distributed E Definition subject, predicate Term Terms DIstributed I Definition none Term Terms Distributed O Definition predicate Term Converse Definition switch the subject and predicate term no a are b becomes: no b are a Term obversion Definition change quality, and replace predicate term with term complement all a are b becomes: no a are non- b Term contraposition Definition switch subject and predicate terms, and replace each with its term complement all a are b becomes: all non-b are non-a Term conversion valid for Definition E and I Term obversion valid for Definition all forms Term contraposition valid for Definition A and O Term counterexample Definition a substitution instance having true premises and a false conclusion. used to prove that an argument form is invalid. Term intension Definition describes "commander in chief" Term extension Definition provides an example "George W Bush"