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Introduction to Earch Science
Chapter 3
36
Science
6th Grade
09/19/2007

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Term
What characteristics are used to identify rocks?
Definition
When studying a rock sample, geologists observe the rock's color and texture and determine its mineral composition.
Term
What gives a rock it's texture?
Definition
A rock's grains give the rock its texture.
Term
What does coarse-grained mean when describing a rock?
Definition
The the grains in a rock are large and easy to see.
Term
What does fine-grained mean when describing a rock?
Definition
The grains are so small that they can only be seen with a microscope
Term
How do geologists prepare a rock for viewing under the microscope?
Definition
They cut the rock very thin, so that light can shine through its crystals.
Term
There are three major groups of rocks?
Definition
1. Igneous rock
2. Sedimentary rock
3. Metamorphic rock.
Term
Most metamorphic rock forms deep underground. (True or False)
Definition
True
Term
Sedimentary rock forms in layers below the surface. (True or False)
Definition
True
Term
What three characteristics do geologists use to identify a rock sample?
Definition
1. Color
2. Texture
3. Mineral Composition.
Term
Igneous rock is any rock that forms from magma or lava. (True or False)
Definition
True
Term
Most igneous rocks are made of mineral crystals. (True or False)
Definition
True
Term
What is the most common extrusive rock?.
Definition
Basalt is the most common extrusive rock.
Term
Whatis the most abundant intrusive rock?
Definition
Granite is the most abundant intrusive rock in the part of the crust that makes up the continents.
Term
Name 4 types of texture for an igneous rock
Definition
The texture of an igneous rock may be fine-grained, coarse-grained, glassy, or porphyritic.
Term
Slow cooling lava forms fine-grained igneous rocks with small crystals.
Definition
False, Fast cooling lava forms fine-grained igneous rocks with small crystals.
Term
Intrusive rocks have smaller crystals than extrusive rocks.
Definition
False, Intrusive rocks have larger crystals than extrusive rocks.
Term
Extrusive rocks have a what type of texture?
Definition
Extrusive rocks have a fine-grained or glassy texture.
Term
Lava that is low in silica usually forms light-colored rocks such as basalt.
Definition
False, Lava that is low in silica usually forms dark-colored rocks such as basalt.
Term
Igneous rock with large crystals scattered within much smaller crystals has a __________.
Definition
Porphyritic texture
Term
What have people throughout history have used igneous rock for?
Definition
Tools and building materials.

Ancient Native Americans used obsidian for making very sharp tools for cutting and scraping.

granite was widely used to build bridges and public buildings and for paving streets with cobblestones.

Thin, polished sheets of granite are still used in decorative stonework, curbstones, and floors.
Term
How do sedimentary rocks form?
Definition
Sedimentary rocks form from particles deposited by water and wind.
Term
What does sediment consists of?
Definition
Sediment may include shells, bones, leaves, stems, and other remains of living things.
Term
How does Sedimentary rocks form?
Definition
Sedimentary rocks form through the erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation of sediments.
Term
What are three major groups of sedimentary rocks:
Definition
1. Clastic rocks
2. Organic rocks
3. Chemical rocks.
Term
How does Shale form?
Definition
Shale forms from tiny particles of clay.
Term
What must happen for shale to form?
Definition
Water must deposit clay particles in very thin, flat layers, one on top of another.
Term
Name three kinds fo Clastic Rocks?
Definition
1. Shale
2. Sandstone
3. Conglomerate and Breccia
Term
If the fragments have rounded edges, they form a clastic rock called ______________
Definition
Conglomerate.
Term
A rock made up of large fragments with sharp edges is called ___________
Definition
Breccia
Term
Name some example of organic rock?
Definition
1. Coal
2. Limestone
Term
How does coal form?
Definition
Coal forms from the remains of swamp plants buried in water. As layer upon layer of plant remains build up, the weight of the layers squeezes the decaying plants. Over millions of years, they slowly change into coal.
Term
How does Limestone form?
Definition
In the ocean, many living things, including coral, clams, oysters, and snails, have shells or skeletons made of calcite. When these animals die, their shells pile up as sediment on the ocean floor. Over millions of years, these layers of sediment can grow to a depth of hundreds of meters. Slowly, the pressure of overlying layers compacts the sediment.
Term
Name one type of Limestone?
Definition
1. Chalk
Term
Give a couple of examples of Chemical Rock?
Definition
1. Rock salt
2. Gypsum
Term
Name some users of Sedimentary Rocks
Definition
1. Building Materials, Smelting Iron Ore.
Term
Name some users of Sedimentary Rocks
Definition
1. Building Materials, Smelting Iron Ore.
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