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Introduction to Chemistry
The basic fundamentals of learning chemistry.
41
Chemistry
11th Grade
08/17/2011

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Term
Matter
Definition
the stuff of the universe
Term
Matter
Definition
anything that has mass and takes up space
Term
Mass
Definition
measurement that reflects the amount of matter
Term
Weight
Definition
a measure of not only the amount of matter but also the effect of earths gravitational pull
Term
Weight isnt always the same everywhere on earth.
Definition
It actually becomes less as you move away from Earths surface at sea level.
Term
Much of matter and its behavior is Macroscopic.
Definition
Term
Elements
Definition
made up of particles called atoms
Term
Model
Definition
a visual, verbal, or mathematical explanation of experimental data.
Term
Chemistry
Definition
the study of matter and the changes it undergoes
Term
chemistry...
Definition

study of the structure and properties of matter

known as central science

-heat, enery, radio waves(not matter)

Term
Mass does not vary with location
Definition

you use a balance to measure

units-kg,g,mg.

Term
weight does vary...
Definition

uses a scale to measure

units-newtons, pounds

Term
Scientific Method
Definition

a systematic approach used in scientific study

organized process for research

Term
steps to scientific method
Definition

1.Problem-a question you want answered

2.observation-the act of gathering info-may be qualitative or quantitative

3.hypothesis-tentative explanation for an observation

4. Procedure-set of controlled observations that test the hypothesis(procedure used to collect data and must test one variable at a time)

5. Conclusion-tells whether the experiment supports your hypothesis or if your hypothesis needs to be revised

Term
independent variable
Definition
the factor adjusted by the person doing the experiment
Term
dependent variable
Definition
factor that changed because the person doing the experiment changed the independent variable
Term
constant
Definition
factor that stays the same throughout the entire experiment
Term
experimental group
Definition
group that undergoes the experiment or is tested
Term
control group
Definition
the group that is used for comparison
Term
theory
Definition
an explanation that has been supported by numerous experiments;broad principal of nature that has been supportes over time, and is subject to change
Term
Scientific Law
Definition
relationship in nature that is supported by many experiments:considered to be fact
Term
pure research
Definition
gaining knowledge for the sake of knowledge
Term
applied research
Definition
reasearch undertaken to solve a specific problem
Term
technology
Definition
the practical use of scientific info used to improve human life and the world around us
Term
two substances that harm ozone and contain bromine
Definition
carbon tetrachloride and methyl cloroform
Term
ozone
Definition
made of oxygen, a substance in the atmosphere that absorbs most harmful radiation before it reaches earths surface
Term
substance
Definition
matter that has a definite and uniform composition
Term
90% of earths ozone is spread out in a alyer that protects our planet
Definition
Term
lowest layer of atmosphere...
Definition
troposphere
Term
troposphere
Definition
contains the air we breathe:also where clouds occur and airplanes fly: all weather occurs  here
Term
second layer of atmosphere...
Definition
stratosphere
Term
stratosphere
Definition
extends from 10 to 50 kilos; ozone layer is located here
Term
ozone formation
Definition
when oxygen gas is exposed to the ultraviolet radiation in the upper regions of the stratosphere, ozone is formed
Term
ozone was first identified and measured in...
Definition
the late 1800's
Term
in 1920...
Definition
British scientist G.M.B. Dobson began measuring the amount of ozone in the atmosphere
Term
chlorofluorocarbons..
Definition

substance that consists of chlorine, flourine, and carbon.

man-made, discovered by Thomas Midgely, nontoxic, stable, coolants, do not react with anything

Term
in 1970...
Definition
scientists noticed that the number of CFC's increased
Term
Molina and Rowland
Definition
made the connection and hypothesized that CFC's break down in the stratosphere due to interactinbg with the UV light from the sun. Then the chlrine particle produced by this interaction breaks down the ozone, therefore the ozone in the stratosphere is destroyed by CFC's
Term
Macroscopic
Definition
you do not need a microscope to observe it
Term
quantitative data
Definition
data expressed using numbers
Term
qualitative data
Definition
data expressed using the 5 senses
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