Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Intro to Physical Science Midterm
N/A
145
Science
9th Grade
01/09/2013

Additional Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Radioactive particle with a positive charge, made of two protons and two neutrons
Definition
alpha particle
Term
The force of interaction between all nucleons, effective only at very, very, very close distances
Definition
strong nuclear force
Term
protons and neutrons found in the nucleus of an atom
Definition
nucleons
Term
The emission of ionizing radiation or particles caused by the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei
Definition
radioactivity
Term
The conversion of an atomic nucleus of one element to an atomic nucleus of another element through the loss of gain protons
Definition
transmutation
Term
Radioactive particle with a negative charge, made of one high energy electron
Definition
beta particle
Term
The time required for half the atoms in a sample of a radioactive isotope to decay
Definition
half - life
Term
What stays in the nucleus when a neutron comes apart
Definition
proton
Term
The process of estimating the age of once living material by measuring the amount of a radioactive isotope of carbon present in the material
Definition
carbon 14 dating
Term
Radioactive high energy waves with no charge
Definition
gamma radiation
Term
what leaves the nucleus when a nuetron come apart
Definition
electron
Term

Charge, What is it made of?, and Cannot penetrate through for:

 

alpha

Definition
+2, 2 protons and 2 neutrons, paper
Term

Charge, What is it made of?, and Cannot penetrate through for:

 

beta

Definition
-1, 1 electron, aluminum
Term

Charge, What is it made of?, and Cannot penetrate through for:

 

gamma

Definition
0, ultrahigh energy, lead
Term

door open, door closed; what type of radiation?

 

10, 0

Definition
beta
Term

door open, door closed; what type of radiation?

 

0.10, 0.10

Definition
gamma
Term

door open, door closed; what type of radiation?

 

0.02, 0.01

Definition
beta and gamma
Term

door open, door closed; what type of radiation?

 

50.00, 30.00

Definition
beta and gamma
Term

Element/Atomic nunber/Particle given off/New atomic number/Transmuted in which element?

 

Carbon (C)/6/Beta particle/?/?

Definition
7/Nitrogen (N)
Term

Element/Atomic nunber/Particle given off/New atomic number/Transmuted in which element?

 

Uranium (U)/92/Alpha particle/?/?

Definition
90/Thorium (Th)
Term

Element/Atomic nunber/Particle given off/New atomic number/Transmuted in which element?

 

Thorium/90/Beta particle/?/?

Definition
91/Protactinium
Term

Element/Atomic nunber/Particle given off/New atomic number/Transmuted in which element?

 

Radon (Rn)/85/Alpha particle/?/?

Definition
83/Bismuth (Bi)
Term

Element/Atomic nunber/Particle given off/New atomic number/Transmuted in which element?

 

Radium (Ra)/88/?/?/Radon (Rn)

Definition
Alpha particle/86
Term

Element/Atomic nunber/Particle given off/New atomic number/Transmuted in which element?

 

Potassium (K)/19/?/?/Chlorine (Cl)

Definition
Alpha particle/17
Term

Element/Atomic nunber/Particle given off/New atomic number/Transmuted in which element?

 

Plutonium (Pu)/94/?/?/Americium (Am)

Definition
Beta particle/95
Term
What are the major sources of radiation that people are exposed to?
Definition
  • Natural background (cosmic rays, Earth minerals)
  • Medicine and diagnostics
  • Consumer products (television sets, smoke detectors)
Term
an orderly method for gaining, organizing, and applying new knowledge
Definition
scientific method
Term
an educated guess; a reasonable explation that is not fully accepted as factual until tested over and over again by experiment
Definition
hypothesis
Term
Organized common sense; the collective findings of humans about nature; how things work in the universe
Definition
science
Term
In an experiment, the thing you compare other things to
Definition
control
Term
method and means of solving practical problems by applying the findings of science; using scientific knowledge to make or do things that people want
Definition
technology
Term
a way of testing to see if a hypothesis is true or not
Definition
experiment
Term
a broad explanation for a large body of information that has much data supporting it
Definition
theory
Term
fake science that has no tests of its validity (truthfulness)
Definition
pseudoscience
Term
a phenomenon about which competent observers can agree
Definition
fact
Term
In an experiment, the things that you keep the same
Definition
constant
Term
a positively charged particle in an atom
Definition
proton
Term
the outermost electron shell in an atom
Definition
valence shell
Term
a negatively charged particle in an atom
Definition
electron
Term
an element that has characteristics that are between those of the metals and the nonmetals
Definition
metalloid
Term
a column going up and down in the periodic table of the elements
Definition
group
Term
when electrons are equally shared between atoms
Definition
nonpolar covalent bond
Term
when two atoms are held together by opposite charges caused by by one atom taking one or more electrons from another atom
Definition
ionic bond
Term
an atoms of an element with a different number of neutrons
Definition
isotope
Term
the number of protons in an atom of an element
Definition
atomic number
Term
the center region of an atom where the protons and neutrons are located
Definition
nucleus
Term
when atoms or parts of atoms are weakly attracted to each other by uneven slightly positive and negative charges on parts of the atoms
Definition
hydrogen bond
Term
the orbital for columns 13-18
Definition
p block
Term
a particle with no charge in an atom
Definition
neutron
Term
the orbital for the first two colums of the periodic table
Definition
s block
Term
an element that is good at conducting heat and electricity, is malleable, and is ductile
Definition
metal
Term
at atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons
Definition

ion

 

Term
the orbital for columns 3-12
Definition
d block
Term
when electrons are shared unequally between atoms
Definition
polar covalent bond
Term
the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom of an element
Definition
atomic mass
Term
an area where electrons are located in a model of an atom
Definition
electron shell
Term
when two atoms are held together because they share electrons
Definition
covalent bond
Term
the one or two lettter abbreviation of an element's name used in the periodic table (some of the names used are not always the common English names you are used to)
Definition
element symbol
Term
the number of electron shells in an atom can be determined by the _____ of an element in the periodic table
Definition
row number
Term
a row going across the periodic table of the elements
Definition
period
Term
an element that is not good at conducting heat and electricity and that is brittle, not malleable or ductile
Definition
nonmetal
Term

the orbital for the two rows of elements at the bottom of the periodic table

 

Definition
f block
Term
Have lower melting and boiling points and are poorer conductors of electricity than transistion meatls. Tin (Sn) and lead (Pb) are examples.
Definition
post transistion metals
Term
The group that most metals fall into, including iron (Fe), gold (Au), and copper (Cu).
Definition
transistion metals
Term
have properties in between metals and nonmetals. Silicon (Si) is an example.
Definition
metalloids
Term
All members of this group are radioactive.  Uranium (U) is an example.
Definition
actinoids
Term
Have 2 electrons in their valence shell, so they react with other atoms.  When put in fire they do not melt.  Radium (Ra) is an example.
Definition
alkaline earth metals
Term
have seven electrons in their valence shells.  React with other elements to form salts.  Chlorine (Cl) is an example.
Definition
halogens
Term
includes carbon (C), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N)
Definition
other nonmetals
Term
when mixed with water, they form slippery solutions that are good at dissolving grease.  Potassium (K) is an example.
Definition
alkali metals
Term
Have 8 electrons in their outer shell (except for Helium (He) which has 2).  Do not react with other elements.  Krypton (Kr) is an example.
Definition
noble gases
Term
Also called "rare earth metals".  Neodynium (Nd) is an example.
Definition
lanthanoids
Term

Solving problems or creating products people want by applying the findings of science.

a. Science

b. Scientific method

c. Technology

d. Pseudoscience

e. Engineering

Definition
c. Technology
Term

Large sample sizes are needed in good scientific experiments because


a. More data is always better.

b. You should always collect as much data as you possibly can.

c. There is much natural variability in the things we measure and observe.

Definition
c. There is much natural variability in the things we measure and observe.
Term

Something about which knowledgeable people can agree.


a. Fact

b. Law

c. Hypothesis

d. Science

e. Technology

Definition
a. Fact
Term

The conditions that remain the same throughout an experiment are called


a. Groups

b. Controls

c. Constants

d. Variables

Definition
c. Constants
Term

The method used to go about gaining, organizing, and applying new knowledge.

a. Science

b. Scientific method

c. Technology

d. Pseudoscience

e. Engineering

Definition
b. Scientific method
Term

What people have learned about how the universe works.

a. Science

b. Scientific method

c. Technology

d. Pseudoscience

e. Engineering

Definition
a. Science
Term

Fake science that is not supported by data and well designed experiments.

a. Science

b. Technology

c. Pseudoscience

d. Opinion

e. Fact

Definition
c. Pseudoscience
Term

A _____ is an educated guess about the answer to a scientific question.

a. Hypothesis

b. Theory

c. Law

d. Principal

e. Fact

Definition
a. Hypothesis
Term

Which of the following is a testable (measurable) hypothesis?


a. Which fertilizer works best for growing tomatoes in Dr. G's garden?

b. Does Miracle-Gro fertilizer work best for growing tomatoes in Dr. G's garden?

c. Miracle-Gro fertilizer is better than other fertilizers.

d. Miracle-Gro fertilizer grows bigger tomatoes faster than other fertilizers.

Definition
d. Miracle-Gro fertilizer grows bigger tomatoes faster than other fertilizers.
Term

A _____ is a broad explanation of a group of hypotheses that have been supported with repeated testing.

a. Hypothesis

b. Theory

c. Law

d. Principal

e. Fact

Definition
b. Theory
Term

The row number in the periodic table tells you

 

a. The number of electrons in the valence shell

b. How many electron shells the atom has

c. How many electrons the atom has

Definition
b. How many electron shells the atom has
Term

The location of an element in a column of the periodic table tell you about

a. How many electron shells the atom has

b. The number of electrons in the valence shell

c. How many electrons the atoms has

Definition
b. The number of electrons in the valence shell
Term

In the periodic table the atomic number is the

 

a. Large number with the decimal

b. The smaller number, whole number

Definition
b. The smaller number, whole number
Term

In the periodic table the atomic mass is the

 

a. Large number with the decimal

b. The smaller number, whole number

Definition
a. Large number with the decimal
Term

The atomic number is equal to

a. The number of protons in the atom

b. The number of neutrons in the atom

c. The number of electrons in the atom

d. A and B

e. A and C

f. A and B and C

Definition
e. A and C
Term

The atomic mass is equal to

a. The number of protons

b. The number of neutrons

c. The number of electrons

d. The number of protons plus the number of neutrons

e. The number of protons plue the number of electrons

f. The number of neutrons plus the number of electrons

Definition
d. The number of protons plus the number of neutrons
Term

What is the smallest particle of light called?

a. Spectrum

b. Wavelength

c. photon

d. High energy electron

Definition
c. photon
Term

When an atom absorbs energy from heat or electricity, what happens to the electrons?


a. They move farther away from the nucleus

b. They move closer to the nucleus

c. They tunr into photons

d. They give off light

Definition
a. They move farther away from the nucleus
Term

What happens when an electron jumps to a lower energy level?


a. Quantum mechanics are given off.

b. Quantum leaps are given off.

c. Light is given off.

d. Not much of anything happens.

Definition
c. Light is given off
Term
The neutral part of an atom, found in the nucleus.
Definition
neutron
Term
The positive part of an atom, found in the nucleus.
Definition
proton
Term
The negative part of an atom, found in the outer part of an atom.
Definition
electron
Term
The areas where electrons can be located according to Niels Bohr's model of the atom.
Definition
electron shells
Term
The smallest particle of an element
Definition
atom
Term
Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
Definition
compound
Term
A pure substance made of more than one kind of atom held together by chemical bonds.
Definition
molecule
Term
A pure substance made of only one type of atom.
Definition
element
Term

Name the group for:

examples:

N, P, O

Definition
other non-metals
Term

Name the group for:

examples:

U, Pu, Cm

Definition
actinoids
Term

Name the group for:

examples:

K, Rb, Fr

Definition
alkali metals
Term

Name the group for:

examples:

Xe, Rn

Definition
noble gases
Term

Name the group for:

examples:

Zr, Nb, Pt, Au

Definition
transistion metals
Term

Name the group for:

examples:

Br, I, At

Definition
halogens
Term

Name the group for:

examples:

Ba, Ra

Definition
alkaline earth metals
Term
How many protons does lithium (Li) have?
Definition
3
Term
How many neutrons does Cesium (Cs) have?
Definition
55
Term
How many electron s does Copper (Cu) have?
Definition
29
Term
How many electron shells does Sodium (Na) have?
Definition
3
Term
How many electrons are in the outer shell of iodine (I)?
Definition
7
Term

Part of the atom/Mass in Atomic Mass Units/Charge

 

protons/?/?

Definition
~1/+
Term

Part of the atom/Mass in Atomic Mass Units/Charge

 

neutrons/?/?

Definition
~1/neutral
Term

Part of the atom/Mass in Atomic Mass Units/Charge

 

electrons/?/?

Definition
~0/-
Term

Element/Number of electron shells/Number of electrons in the valence shell

 

Oxygen (O)/?/?

Definition
2/6
Term

Element/Number of electron shells/Number of electrons in the valence shell

 

Potassium (K)/?/?

Definition
4/1
Term

Element/Number of electron shells/Number of electrons in the valence shell

 

Sulfur (S)/?/?

Definition
3/6
Term

Cells are able to repair most kinds of molecular damage caused by radiation IF


a. The damage is not too severe

b. The does is spread over a long enough period of time (rather than getting it all at once

c. It does not contact the reproductive cells

d. a and b

e. a and c

f. b and c

g. all of the above

Definition
a. the damage is not too severe
Term

In order for radiation damage to affect the future children of people, the radiation has to damage


a. The DNA of the person's cells

b. The DNA of the person's reproductive cells

c. The DNA or cells of embryos/fetuses before they are born

d. a and b

e. a and c

f. b and c

g. all of the above

Definition
f. b and c
Term

The largest source of naturally occuring radiation on earth is

a. Cosmic rays

b. Radon

c. Wastes from research and nuclear power plants

d. Medical procedures like x-rays

e. Eating too many bananas

f. Eating off of red Fiesta Ware plates

Definition
a. Cosmic rays
Term

When protons are very close together, which is stronger?

a. Strong nuclear force

b. Electrive repulsive force

c. Neither, they are equal

Definition
a. strong nuclear force
Term

When protons are not very close together, which is stronger?

a. Strong nuclear force

b. Electric repulsive force

c. Neither, they are equal

Definition
b. Electric repulsive force
Term

A nucleon is


a. The center of an atom where the protons and neutrons are found

b. A proton or electron

c. A neutron or an electron

d. A proton or a neutron

Definition
a. The center of an atom where the protons and neutrons are found
Term

Which particle(s) has/have strong nuclear force helping to hold them together?


a. Protons

b. Neutrons

c. Electrons

d. a and b

e. a and c

f. b and c

g. all of the above

Definition
d. a and b
Term

Which is more sensitive to distance?

a. The strong nuclear force

b. The repulsive electric force

Definition
b. The repulsive electric force
Term

 

Large atoms have _____


a. The same number of protons and neutrons

b. Very similar numbers of protons and neutrons

c. More protons than neutrons

d. More neutrons than protons

 

Definition
d. More neutrons than protons
Term

Small atoms have _____


a. The same number of protons and neutrons

b. Very similar numbers of protons and neutrons

c. More protons than neutrons

d. More neutrons than protons

Definition
a. The same number of protons and neutrons
Term

If a neutron is not near a proton it may


a. Turn into a proton

b. Turn into an electron

c. Break apart into a proton and an electron

d. Nothing happens, neutrons are very stable particles

Definition
c. Break apart into a proton and an electron
Term

Which are more likely to be radioactive

a. Large atoms

b. Small atoms

Definition
a. Large atoms
Term

All atoms

a. Larger than atomic number 83 are radioactive

b. Smaller than atomic number 83 are radioactive

c. Are radioactive if they are heated up a lot

Definition
a. Larger than atomic number 83 are radioactive
Term

When an atom of one element turns into an atom of another element by the emission of an alpha particle or a beta particle the process is called


a. Transmutation

b. Radiation

c. Radioactivity

d. Half-life

e. Impossible, this never happens

Definition
a. Transmutation
Term

When an atoms emits a beta particle, what happens to the atomic number of the atom?

a. It goes up by 1

b. It goes up by 2

c. It goes down by 1

d. It goes down by 2

e. It stays the same

Definition
a. It goes up by 1
Term

When an atoms emits an alpha particle, what happens to the atomic number of the atom?

a. It goes up by 1

b. It goes up by 2

c. It goes down by 1

d. It goes down by 2

e. It stays the same

Definition
d. It goes down by 2
Term

The time needed for half a radioactive sample to decay is its


a. Decay rate

b. Transmutation rate

c. Half-life

d. Radioactivity

e. Isotope dating

Definition
c. Half-life
Term

We can determine the half-life of an element by


a. Waiting a really long time and seeing how much of it has changed and how much of the original stuff is left

b. Measuring the amount of radioactivity given off by a known amount of a radioactive substance in a set amount of time

Definition
b. Measuring the amount of radioactivity given off by a known amount of a radioactive substance in a set amount of time
Term

If you have a sample of a radioactive isotope that has a half-life of one day, how much of the original sample remains at the end of 3 days?


a. All of it

b. Half of it

c. a quarter of it

d. An eighth of it

e. None of it

Definition
d. An eighth of it
Term

Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope of carbon formed

a. By radiation released from the earth

b. By radiation from nuclear power plants

c. By radiation from nuclear testing

d. By cosmic rays in the atmosphere breaking atoms apart, and the resutling highly energized neutrons hitting nitrogen atoms

Definition
d. By cosmic rays in the atmosphere breaking atoms apart, and the resulting highly energized neutrons hitting nitrogen atoms
Term

You have a radioactive carbon-14 inside you from

a. The air you breath

b. The water you drink

c. The food you eat

Definition
a. The air you breath
Term

Carbon-14 is constantly breaking down, by emitting beta particles and turning into


a. Carbon 12

b. Nitrogen 12

c. Nitrogen 14

d. Oxygen 16

Definition
c. Nitrogen 14
Term

When living things die, they stop taking in carbon-14, and the amount in their body _____ over time.


a. Increases

b. Decreases

c. Stays the same

Definition
b. Decreases
Term

We can use information on carbon-14's decay rate to determine


a. How old rocks are

b . How old the earth is

c. How old living things are

d. How long ago a living thing died

Definition
d. How long ago a living thing died
Term

When a cell is damaged by radiation


a. It always causes death to the cell

b. It may repair the damage and operate normally

c. It induces radiation poisoning

d. There is a high probability of cancer

Definition
b. It may repair the damage and operate normally
Term

If radiation causes damage to a cell, and the cell is not effectively repaired


a. The outcome is always cancer

b. Any future offspring of the person will carry the mutation

c. The cell may be removed by the immune system

d. The cell will die

Definition
c. The cell may be removed by the immune system
Term

The cells that are most sensitive to radiation damage are those that

a. Do not divide

b. Divide rapidly

c. Divide slowly or not very often

Definition
b. Divide rapidly
Term

A large does of radiation in a short period of time is call

a. An acute dose

b. A chronic dose

c. A lethal dose

Definition
a. An acute dose
Supporting users have an ad free experience!