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Intro to chem and physics chapter 1
chapter 1 the basics
29
Science
9th Grade
12/19/2012

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Term
What is science?
Definition
Understanding info through observation
Term
What are three branches of Biological science?
Definition
Botany - the study of plants
Zoology - the study of animals
Ecology - the study of the (enviormental) ecosystem
Term
What are the two branches of Physical science?
Definition
Physics - the study of forces
Chemistry - the study of matter
Term
What are the three branches of Earth science?
Definition
Geology - the study of rocks and minerals
Meteorology - the study of weather
Astronomy - the study of space
Term
Pure science
Definition
Knowledge for knowledges sake
Term
Technology
Definition
using science for practical applications
Term
How is science found?
Definition
Science is discovered because of a problem or curiosity
EX. What is wrong here? Why does this happen? Why is this not working?
Term
critical thinking
Definition
the ability to access claims critically and make judgements on:
-baisis of objectives
-supported reasons
Term
critical thinking
Definition
the ability to access claims critically and make judgements on:
-baisis of objectives
-supported reasons
Term
What are the 4 steps of the scientific method?
Definition
1) state hypothesis
2) preform a controlled experiment
3) Analyze the data
4) Draw conclusions
Term
Variable
Definition
a factor that effects the experiment
Term
independant variable
Definition
the variable you change in the experiment
Term
Qualitive observations
Definition
word discriptions
Term
Quantitive observations
Definition
a discription using numbers
Term
When you Analyze data you should...
Definition
-understand the results
-use measurements and calculations
- compare
- graph it
Term
Scientific theory
Definition
explains for an event based on:
-observation
-experimentation
-reasoning
it answers the question 'why'
Term
Scientific law
Definition
describes how things work based on:
-experiments
-observations
answersthe question 'how'
Term
What do Scientific law & Scientific theory do?
Definition
-allow predictions to be made
-experiments can be repeated
Term
What does SI stand for?
Definition
International system of measurements
Term
Name the the chart of metric prefixes
Definition
giga - G - 1,000,000,000
mega - M - 1,000,000
Kilo - K - 1,000
heca - h - 100
deca - da - 10
base unit - gram, meter, liter - 1
deci - d - 1/10 or .1
centi - c - 1/100 or .01
mili - m - 1/1,000 or .001
micro - u - 1/1,000,000 or .000001
nano - n - 1/1,000,000,000 or .000000001
Term
Name the units of measurement
Definition
-length
-meters
-m
-mass
-kilogram
-Kg
-time
-seconds
-s
-temperature
-Kelvin
-K
-electric current
-Ampere
-A
-amount of a substance
-mole
-mol
-luminous intensity
-candela
-cd
Term
Derived units
Definition
a combo of 2 or more base units
EX: Area = lenght x width
weight = mass x acceleration / gravity
Term
Name the Base unit = Prefix with Base unit chart in meters
Definition
1,000,000,000m = 1Gm
1,000,000m = 1Mm
1,000m = 1Km
100m = 1hm
10m = 1dam
1m = 1m
1m = 10dm
1m = 100cm
1m = 1,000mm
1m = 1,000,000um
1m = 1,000,000,000nm
Term
Name the Metric -> English conversion chart
Definition
1 in = 2.54 cm
1 ft = 0.3 m
1 yd = 0.91 m
1 mi = 1.61 Km
1 oz = 28.35 g
1 lb = 0.45 Kg
1 gal = 3.78 L
1 ton = 1,000 Kg
1 mL = 1 cm3
1 L = 2.11 pints
1 L = 33.81 fl oz
Term
exact number
Definition
the amount of money in your account known with certainty...
Term
Significant figure
(sig fig)
Definition
used to show how precise the measurement is
Term
Scientific Notation
(Sci nota)
Definition
-is a way to express very big or small numbers
-place the decimal point so that there is one non-zero digit to the LEFT of the decimal point
write the remaining sig figs
-count the number of places the decimal point has moved from the original number
- this will be your exponent for 10
- If the original number was less than one its now negative
- if the original number was one or greater its positive

EX: 289,000
2.898
it moved 8 places
2.898 x 10 (8) *the 8 is the exponent*
Term
reverse sci nota
Definition
- simply move the decimal point to the RIGHT for a positive exponent of 10
- move the decimal point to the LEFT for a negative exponent of ten
- use zeros to fill in the places

EX: 5.093 x 10 (6)
5,093,000

1.976 x 10 (-4)
.0001976
Term
adding and subtracting sci nota
Definition
- add or subtract the base numbers then put the given exponent on the 10

EX: 2.56 x 10 (3) + 6.964 x 10 (3)
2.56 + 6.964
9.52 x 10 (3)
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