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Intro to the Internal Anatomy of the Brain
Anatomy
22
Medical
Graduate
11/16/2009

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Cards

Term
What is a neurophil?
Definition
 0.5 cm thick layer of gray matter composed primarily of neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses covering the surface of a hemisphere
Term
What are association fibers?
Definition
: interconnect various areas within the same hemisphere
 short assoc. fibers connect adjacent gyri
 long assoc. fibers interconnect distant areas of cortex
Term
What are commissural fibers?
Definition
interconnect corresponding structure on either side of the neuraxis
Term
What is the corpus callosum?
Definition
• largest bundle of commissural fibers interconnecting frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes
• consist of rostrum, genu, body and splenium
Term
What is the anterior commisure?
Definition
• just caudal to the rostrum of the corpus callosum
• interconnects parts of the two temporal lobes
Term
What is the posterior commisure?
Definition
• found near the base of the pineal gland just dorsal to the cerebral aqueduct
Term
Corticofugal are ____________.
Definition
axons that arise from the cerebral cortex and project to outside targets
Term
Corticopetal are _______________.
Definition
axons that originate outside of the cerebrum and project to the cortex
Term
Corticofugal are also known as __________ while corticopetal are also known as _____________.
Definition
corticospinal, thalamocortical
Term
What is the internal capsule?
Definition
zone containing corticofugal and corticopetal fibers
Term
What the the three parts of the internal capsule?
Definition
anterior limb, posterior limb, genu
Term
What fibers does the anterior limb contain?
Definition
fibers that interconnect the anterior thalamic nuclei with areas of the frontal lobe and cingulated gyrus (i.e. parts of the limbic system
Term
What does the posterior limb contain?
Definition
• corticospinal tracts arising from the motor cortex and projecting to the contralateral spinal cord
o somatotopically arrange in the caudal half of the posterior limb
• geniculocalcarine tract (optic radiations) convey visual input from the lateral geniculate nucleus to the occipital cortex
Term
What does the genu contain?
Definition
 contains corticonuclear (corticobulbar) fibers that arise in the precentral gyrus and project to the motor nuclei of cranial nerves
Term
What cells line the ventricles?
Definition
ependyma
Term
What is the function of the choroid plexus?
Definition
for production of most of the CSF
Term
What are the parts of the ventricular system?
Definition
lateral ventricles->interventricular foramen of Monro->third ventricle->cerebral aqueduct->fourth ventricle->foramen of Magendie (1) and foramina of Luschka (2)->central canal
Term
What is called when the ventricles become enlarged because of CSF?
Definition
ventriculomegaly
Term
What is hydrocephalus?
Definition
increase in CSF volume and an increase in CSF pressure
Term
non-communicating or obstructive hydrocephalus?
Definition
obstruction of the flow of CSF within the ventricular system particularly at sites of narrowing-foramina of Monro, cerebral aqueduct or foramina of Magendie and Luschka
Term
communicating hydrocephalus?
Definition
• blockage of CSF may occur by impeding resorption of CSF into the venous system
Term
hydrocephalus ex vacuo
Definition
• the brains of older individuals frequently show what seem to be enlarged ventricles but is in reality a compensatory enlargement of ventricles due to atrophy of brain such as with aging or in Alzheimer’s disease
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