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Intro to Microbiology
LAB: Biochemical Activity, Other Tests & Practical Review
121
Microbiology
Undergraduate 1
06/29/2011

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

1 Glucose breaks down into

two ____ molecules. 

Definition

 

 

 

Pyruvate

 

Term

 

 

 

Media in Starch Hydrolysis Test

Definition

 

 

 

Starch Agar (in pour plate)

Term

 

 

 

Media in Lipid Hydrolysis test

Definition

 

 

 

Tributyrin agar (on pour plate)

Term

 

 

 

3 types of Media in CHO Fermentation test

(carbohydrate = CHO)

Definition

 

1)    Lactose broth

2)    Dextrose broth

3)    Sucrose broth

 

**all 3 contain phenol red (pH indicator)

Term

 

 

 

Media in Indole Production test

Definition

 

 

 

SIM agar deep tube  (solid)

Term

 

 

 

Media in Hydrogen Sulfide test

Definition

 

 

 

SIM Agar deep tube

Term

 

 

 

Media in Methyl Red test

Definition

 

 

 

MR-VP broth

 

**MR=methyl red, VP=Voges-Proskauer

Term

 

 

 

Media in Voges-Proskauer test

Definition

 

 

MR-VP broth

 

**MR=methyl red, VP=Voges-Proskauer

Term

 

 

 

Media in Citrate Utilization test

Definition

 

 

 

Simmons Citrate Agar

(slant)

Term

 

 

 

Media in H2S Production test

(hydrogen sulfide test)

Definition

 

 

 

SIM agar

(deep stab)

Term

 

 

 

Media in Urea Activity test

Definition

 

 

Urea broth

 

**urea contains N, found in amino acids

Term

 

 

 

Media found in Litmus Milk Reaction test

Definition

 

 

 

Litmus Milk Broth

Term

 

 

 

Media in Nitrate Reduction test

Definition

 

 

 

Nitrate broth

Term

 

 

 

Media in Catalase Activity test

Definition

 

 

 

Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA)

(slant tube)

Term

 

 

 

Reagent for Carb Fermentation test

Definition

 

 

 

NO REAGENT

Term

 

 

 

Reagent for Catalase Activity test

Definition

 

 

 

3% H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide)

3-4 drops used

Term

 

 

 

Reagent in Nitrate Reduction test

Definition

 

 

Nitrate A: Sulfanilic acid

Nitrate B: α-naphthylamine

then...

Zinc - only used if (-) for nitrite

Term

 

 

 

Reagent for Litmus Milk Reaction test

Definition

 

 

 

NO REAGENT

Term

 

 

 

Reagent in Hydrogen Sulfide test

Definition

 

 

 

NO REAGENT

Term

 

 

 

Reagent in Voges-Proskauer test

Definition

 

 

10 drops each of

Barritt's Reagent

 

Term

 

 

 

Reagent in Indole Production test

 

 

 

Definition

 

 

 

Kovak's Reagent

10 drops

Term

 

 

 

Reagent in Urease test

Definition

 

 

 

No Reagent

Term

 

 

 

Reagent in Citrate Utilization test

Definition

 

 

 

No Reagent

Term

 

 

 

Reagent in Methyl Red test

Definition

 

 

 

Methyl Red indicator

5 drops

Term

 

 

 

Reagent in Starch Hydrolysis test

Definition

 

 

 

Grams Iodine

Term

 

 

 

Reagent in Lipid Hydrolysis test

Definition

 

 

 

No reagent

Term

 

 

 

Enzyme(s) in Indole Production test

Definition

 

 

 

tryptophanase

(Quinoidal red-violet compound)

Term

 

 

 

Enzyme(s) in H2S test

Definition

 

 

Cystein desulferase

+

Thiosulfate reductase

Term

 

 

 

Enzyme(s) in Voges-Proskauer test

Definition

 

 

alpha naphthol (VPA)

+

40% KOH (VPB)

Term

 

 

 

Enzyme(s) in Citrate Utilization test

Definition

 

 

 

Citrase

Term

 

 

 

Enzyme(s) in Urease test

Definition

 

 

 

Urease

Term

 

 

 

Enzyme(s) in Starch Hydrolysis test

Definition

 

 

Amylase

+

Maltase

Term

 

 

 

Enzyme(s) in Lipid Hydrolysis test

Definition

 

 

 

Esterases (lipases)

Term

 

 

 

Enzyme(s) in Litmus Milk Reaction test

Definition

 

 

beta-galactodiase (Lactose)

~or~

proteolytic enzymes (casein peptonization)

Term

 

 

 

Enzyme(s) in Nitrate Reduction test

Definition

 

 

 

Nitrate Reductase

Term

 

 

 

Enzyme(s) in Catalase Activity test

Definition

 

 

 

Catalase

Term

 

 

 

End product(s) of Indole Production test

 

Definition

 

 

 

indole

Term

 

 

 

End product(s) of H2S test

Definition

 

 

 

H2S

(hydrogen sulfide)

Term

 

 

 

End product(s) of Methyl Red test

Definition

 

 

 

lactic, formic or acetic acid

Term

 

 

 

End product(s) of Voges-Proskauer test

Definition

 

 

 

AcetylMethylCarbinal

 

Mr. Voges & Mr. Proskauer are the VPs of AMC

Term

 

 

 

End product(s) of Citrate Utilization test

Definition

 

 

 

pyruvic acid, acetic acid & CO2

Term

 

 

 

End product(s) of Urease test

Definition

 

 

 

CO2, H2O & NH3

Term

 

 

 

End product(s) of Starch Hydrolysis test

Definition

 

 

 

glucose

Term

 

 

 

End product(s) of Lipid Hydrolysis test

Definition

 

 

Glycerol

+

3 fatty acids

Term

 

 

 

End product(s) of CHO Fermentation test

Definition

 

 

 

pyruvate

Term

 

Oxygen Requirements

 

What type of M/O grows throughout agar and on surface?

Definition

 

 

Facultative Anaerobe

Term

 

Oxygen Requirements

 

What type of M/O grows mostly just below the surface of the agar?

Definition

 

 

Microaerophile

Term

 

Oxygen Requirements

 

What type of M/O grows evenly throughout agar, but not on surface?

Definition

 

 

Aerotolerant

Term

 

Oxygen Requirements

 

What type of M/O grows on

surface of agar only??

Definition

 

 

Aerobe

Term

 

Oxygen Requirements

 

What type of M/O grows

on bottom of agar tube only?

Definition

 

 

Anaerobe

Term

 

Temp Requirements

 

What type of M/O grows

at 4°-20°C ?

Definition

 

 

Psychrophile

Term

 

Temp Requirements

 

What type of M/O grows

at 20°-37°C ?

Definition

 

 Mesophile

(human pathogens grow at 37º)

(i.e., E. coli)

Term

 

Temp Requirements

 

What type of M/O grows

at 37°+ 60ºC ?

Definition

 

 

Facultative Thermophile

Term

 

Temp Requirements

 

What type of M/O

grows at ≥60°C ?

Definition

 

 

Obligate Thermophile

(i.e., B. stearothermophilus)

Term

 

 

Indicator in Starch Hydrolysis test

Definition

 

 

Iodine

(binds to starch but not to glucose)

Term

 

 

Indicator in Lipid Hydrolysis test

Definition

 

 

tributyrin emulsion in the agar

Term

 

 

Indicator in Carb Fermentation test

Definition

 

 

Phenol Red

(pH indicator)

Term

 

 

Indicator in Indole Production test

Definition

 

 

p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde

Term

 

 

Indicator in Methyl Red test

Definition

 

 

Methyl Red

(a pH indicator)

Term

 

 

Indicator in Voges-Proskauer test

Definition

 

 

Barrits Reagents

(VPA + VPB)

Term

 

 

Indicator in Citrate Utilization test

Definition

 

 

bromothymol blue

(a pH indicator)

Term

 

 

Indicator in Hydrogen Sulfide test

Definition

 

 

Ferrous Sulfate

Term

 

 

Indicator in Urea Activity test

Definition

 

 

phenol red

Term

 

 

Indicator in Litmus Milk test

Definition

 

 

Litmus

(a pH indicator)

Term

 

 

Indicator in Nitrate Reduction test

Definition

 

Nitrate A (sulfanic acid)

Nitrate B (alpha-naphthylamine)

then

Zinc - if 1st two are negative

Term

 

 

Indicator in Catalase Activity test

Definition

 

 

Bubbles upon addition of H2O2

(hydrogen peroxide)

Term

 

 

Substrate in Starch Hydrolysis test

Definition

 

 

Starch

Term

 

 

 

 

Substrate in Lipid Hydrolysis test

 

Definition

 

 

lipid triglycerides

Term

 

 

 

 

Substrate in Carb Fermentation test

 

Definition

 

 

carbohydrate in the broth

Term

 

 

 

 

Substrate in Indole Production test

 

Definition

 

 

Tryptophan

(amino acid)

Term

 

 

 

 

Substrate in Methyl Red test

 

Definition

 

 

Glucose

Term

 

 

 

 

Substrate in Voges-Proskauer test

 

Definition

 

 

Acetic Acid

Term

 

 

 

 

Substrate in Citrate Utilization test

 

Definition

 

 

 

citrate

Term

 

 

 

 

Substrate in Hydrogen Sulfide test

 

Definition

 

Peptone

+

Sodium Thiosulfate

Term

 

 

 

 

Substrate in Urea Activity test

 

Definition

 

 

Urea

Term

 

 

Substrate in Litmus Milk test

Definition

 

 

Lactose or Casein

Term

 

 

 

 

Substrate in Nitrate Reduction test

 

Definition

 

 

Nitrate

Term

 

 

 

 

Substrate in Catalase Activity test

 

Definition

 

 

Hydrogen Peroxide

Term

 

 

 

 

Inhibitor in Starch Hydrolysis test

 

Definition

 

 

no inhibitor

Term

 

 

Inhibitor in PEA Agar

 

Definition

 

 

ethyl alcohol

(partially inhibits Gram(-) by disrupting lipids in outer membrane)

Term

 

 

Inhibitor in MSA

 

 

Definition

 

 

Salt

(inhibits most M/Os other than Staph)

Term

 

 

Inhibitor in MacConkey Agar

(MAC)

 

 

Definition

 

bile salts

+

Crystal Violet Dye

Term

 

 

Inhibitor in Eosine Methylene Blue

(EMB plate)

 

Definition

 

Eosine

+

Methylene Blue

Term

 

Blood Agar

What is whitish/grey growth

with no change in media?

Definition

 

 Gamma hemolysis

(no lysis of RBC in agar)

(i.e., Staph. epidermidis)

Term


Blood Agar

What is a clear zone in the agar

around the microbial growth?

Definition

 

 

Beta hemolysis

(i.e., Streptococcus pyogenes)

Term


Blood Agar

What is green coloration

of the blood agar?

Definition

 

 Alpha hemolysis

(partial lysis of RBCs)

(i.e., E. coli)

Term

 

 

Indicator in DNase Test

Definition

 

 

Toluidine Blue

(breakdown of DNA = rose color zone)

Term

 

 

EMB agar selects for _____

Definition

 

 

Gram (-) bacteria

Term

 

 

EMB agar inhibits ____

Definition

 

 

Gram (+) bacteria

Term

 

 

Inhibitor in EMB agar is:

Definition

 

 

Eosine & Methylene Blue

Term

 

 

E. coli growth appears what color on EMB agar?  

Definition

 

 

Green sheen growth

(the agar itself will have a grape color)

Term

 

 

2 types of Enriched Media are:

Definition

 

Blood media

+

Yeast extract media

Term

 

 

What type of M/Os grow on blood agar?

Definition

 

 

Fastidious

Term

 

Blood agar

The zone of clearing indicates ___lysis, the breakdown of red blood cells (erythrocytes).

Definition

 

 

Hemolysis

Term

 

CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUG

SYMBOL

 

"NY"

Definition

 

 

Nystatin

Term

 

CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUG

SYMBOL

 

"P"

Definition

 

 

Penicillin

Term

 

CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUG

SYMBOL

 

"S"

Definition

 

 

Streptomycin

Term

 

CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUG

SYMBOL

 

"GM"

Definition

 

 

Gentamycin

Term

 

CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUG

SYMBOL

 

"TE"

Definition

 

 

Tetracycline

Term

 

CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUG

SYMBOL

 

"C"

Definition

 

 

Chloramphenicol

Term

 

CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUG

SYMBOL

 

"Va"

Definition

 

 

Vancomycin

Term

 

 

CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUG

 

SYMBOL

 

"TMP"

 

Definition

 

 

Trimethoprim

Term

 

 

CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUG

 

SYMBOL

 

"G" (with a tail)

 

Definition

 

 

Sulfonamide

Term

(The Doreen Special - inside joke :-)

 

MacConkey Agar

INHIBITORS

and what do they inhibit?

 

 

 

Definition

 

Inhibitors: bile salts + Crystal Violet Dye

 

They inhibit Gram (+)

Gram (+) are NON-fermenters

Term

(The Doreen Special - inside joke :-)

 

MacConkey Agar

FERMENTATION

what color will fermenters turn media?

Definition

 

 

PINK

(Lactose has been fermented by

Gram - bacteria, selective for E. coli)

Term

(The Doreen Special - inside joke :-)

 

MacConkey Agar

INDICATOR is....

 

Definition

 

 

Neutral Red Indicator

Term

 

MSA PLATE

What organism is a fermenter, showing yellow zone of hydrolysis?

Definition

 

 

Staph. aureus

Term

 

PEA plate

What type of organism is being inhibited where growth is clear or non-existent?

Definition

 

 

Gram (-) such as E. coli

 

(PEA selective for Gm(+) like S. aureus)

Term

 

 

Nitrate A indicator

also known as:

Definition

 

 

SULFANIC ACID

Term

 

 

Nitrate B indicator

also known as:

Definition

 

 

alpha-naphthylamine

 

Term

 

Nitrate Reduction

Positive result is what color,

indicating what end product?

Definition

 

Positive is red, indicating NITRITE

after adding Nitrate A + Nitrate B.


After Zinc is added, media turns yellow,

indicating Ammonia presence.

Term

 

 

VPA is also known as:

Definition

 

 

alpha naphthol

Term

 

 

VPB is also known as:

Definition

 

 

40% KOH

 

Term

 

 

Define plasmid

Definition

 

Circular piece of DNA that can be passed from M/O to M/O or artificially inserted during genetic transformation

Term

 

 

Enzyme that enables bacteria to cleave Beta-Lactam antibiotics, making the M/O antibiotic resistant is....?

Definition

 

 

Beta-lactamase

Term

 

In Genetic Transformation, the bacteria's AMP gene codes for what enzyme?

Definition

 

 

Beta-lactamase

Term

 

 

How do chemotherapeutics work?

Definition

 

Disruption of cell membrane/wall

~or~

Inhibition of  protein synthesis

Term

 

 

Synergistic result on MH plate reading appears how?

Definition

 

2 zones of clearing which

join in the middle

Term

 

 

Additive result on MH plate reading appears how?

Definition

 

 

2 separate zones of clearing

Term

 

 

Appearance of Bile eschulin slant tubes for positive result?

Definition

 

 

Dark brown/black

(E. faecalis)

Term

 

 

Bacitracin test: zone of clearing indicates which group of Strep?

Definition

 

Group A Strep

like S. pneumoniae

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