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Intro to Law Mid-Term
Court System, Classifications of Law, and History
51
Management
Undergraduate 2
11/02/2009

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Cards

Term
Common Law/Case Law
Definition
Precedent; compilaton of appellate reviews and written decisions
Term
Stare Decisis
Definition
Courts must follow established law within your jurisdiction
Term
Magna Carta
Definition
Forerunner to Constituion; First steo to a King being bound by law
Term
Constitution
Definition
Supreme Law of the Land
Term
Supremacy Clause
Definition
Federal government overides state law; laws are valid until court throws it out; ex: Florida vs. Amtrak
Term
Majority Opinion
Definition
Opinion of court; concurring and dissenting
Term
Concurring Opinion
Definition
Opinion by judge (no stare decisis value) who agrees with result but disagrees with reasoning
Term
Dissenting Opinion
Definition
Judges who disagree
Term
Holding vs. Dictum
Definition
Holding: what is necessary for decision (stare decisis)
Dictum: Use to be persuasive (tangents, suppostitions, not binding and not stare decisis
Term
Initiative
Definition
lawmaking by voters; if you have money you can get issue on ballot; WA and CA are poster children for initiatives
Term
statutes
Definition
written law by state and Federal legislatures
Term
Ordinances
Definition
Written law of local legislatures
Term
Compilations of Written Law
Definition
ordinances and statutes make up codes
Term
Judicial Activists
Definition
expand decisional law/case law
Term
Strict Constructionists
Definition
stare decisis
Term
Dicta
Definition
legal issues addressed in opinion; not part of common law
Term
Supreme Court
Definition
9 appointed judges; pick what cases it hears (85-110 a year); rule of 4-->discretionary jurisditcion and mandatory jurisdiction (if lower courts hold that act of Congress is unconstitutional)
Term
Writ of Certiorari
Definition
request for appeal to SC
Term
adversarial legal system
Definition
let each side present cases--> if right questions are asked and each side does job right, then truth will come out
Term
Role of Jury/Judge
Definition
Dispense justice, Gate keeper, runs court, decides who wins (judge decides law, jury decided facts)
Term
What is a Court?
Definition
public facilities where legal disputes are heard and decided; a place and a system; a part of a system (trial and appellate)
Term
Trial Courts
Definition
Conduct initial proceedings in legal disputes
Term
Purpose of Trial Courts
Definition
1)Determine Facts of Dispute
2)Determine what rules of Law should be applied to the facts
3)apply those rules to the facts
3)
Term
Civil Disputes
Definition
Private controversies between persons, usually about money
Term
"Liable"
Definition
Defendent found responsible in civil case
Term
"Guilty"
Definition
Defendent found resopnsible in criminal case
Term
Criminal Dispute
Definition
brought by government to determine whether an accused is guilty of an act committed against the public and in violation of a penal statute
Term
Appellate Courts
Definition
appeal to higher court; court recieves written briefs of appeal (**NOTE: civil cases do not go to highest court but death penalty cases always do)
Term
Appellate Decisions
Definition
1)Deny Appeal
2)Reverse Decision
3)Send back to court "to do it right this time"
Term
Jurisdiction
Definition
Refers to geogrpahic area within which a court has the right and power to operate in; (political boundaries, type of dispute and $ amount, persons and property)
Term
Concurrent Jurisdiction
Definition
when both the Federal and State courts have the right to hear a case
Term
Right to use Federal Court
Definition
Diversity of Citizenship and Situations in which parties of disputes are of different states
Term
Subject Matter Jurisdiction
Definition
is the authority of a court to hear cases of a particular type or cases relating to a specific subject matter. For instance, bankruptcy court has the authority to only hear bankruptcy cases.
Term
Limited Jurisditction vs. General Jurisdiction
Definition
is the courts' jurisdiction only on certain types of cases vs. all cases
Term
Venue
Definition
a local place, within the geographical boundaries of a larger jurisdiction, where a case is most appropriately tried; a policy of closeness
Term
"Motion for a change in venue"
Definition
court determines that it would be more convenient for the parties if the trial were held somewhere else
Term
In Personam Jurisdiciton
Definition
courts "power over" a person
Term
Long arm statute
Definition
sibjects non-resident defendents to local jurisdiction for wrongful activities they engage in while physically within a state
Term
In Rem Jurisdiction
Definition
empowers courts to declare rights against the world rather then the named defendent
Term
In Rem Jurisdiction
Definition
empowers courts to declare rights against the world rather then the named defendent
Term
Organization of State Court Systems
Definition
1)Trial Courts
2)Intermediate Appellate Courts
3)The Highest Courts
Term
Small Claims Court
Definition
invovles small sums of money (1K-17.5K); limited jurisdiction; Goal: to determine facts and apply law
Term
Trial denovo
Definition
Right to a completely new trial hearing
Term
Diversity of Citizenship (under District Court)
Definition
When both citizens are from different states or 1 is US citizen and 1 is foreign; amount is 75K+
Term
Procedural Law
Definition
Involves manner in which rights and duties are to be enforced
Term
Substantive Law
Definition
defines duties, prohibits wrongs and establishes rights
Term
US Court of Appeals (Federal Appellate Courts)
Definition
Review Decisions of district courts; 12 circuits
Term
Federal Law
Definition
Consists of US Constitution and statutes enacted by Congress
Term
State law
Definition
consists of state constitutions and statutes enacted by state legislatures
Term
Private Law
Definition
body of law regulating the rights and duties that exist between private persons
Term
Public Law
Definition
includes constitutional, administrative, criminal and international law, all of which are more directly concerned with public rights and obligations
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