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intro to chem words
vocab
46
Chemistry
Undergraduate 2
06/12/2010

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Term
diatomic molecule
Definition
a molecule that consists of 2 atoms
Term
electron
Definition
a subatomic particle that has a very low mass and caries a single negative charge
Term
empirical formula
Definition
an expression showing the types of elements present and the simplest ratios of the different kinds of atoms
Term
family
Definition
the elements in a vertical column of the periodic table
Term
groups
Definition
the elements in a vertical column of the periodic table
Term
halogens
Definition
the nonmetallic elements in group 7A (f,Cl,Br,I,&At)
Term
Hydrate
Definition
compounds that have a specific number of water molecules attached to them
Term
Inorganic compounds
Definition
compounds other than organic compounds
Term
ion
Definition
an atom or a group of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge
Term
ionic compound
Definition
any neutral compound containing cations and anions
Term
monatomic ion
Definition
an ion that contains only one atom
Term
neutron
Definition
a subatomic particle that bears no net electric charge. its mass is slightly greater that its protons
Term
noble gasses
Definition
Nonmetallic elements in group 8A (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn)
Term
nonmetal
Definition
elements that are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity
Term
nucleus
Definition
the central core of an atom
Term
organic compounds
Definition
compounds that contain carbon, usually in combination with elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur
Term
periods
Definition
a horizontal row of the periodic table
Term
periods
Definition
a horizontal row of the periodic table
Term
periodic table
Definition
a tubular arrangement of the elements
Term
polyatomic molecule
Definition
a molecule that consists of more than 2 atoms
Term
polyatomic ion
Definition
an ion that contains more than one atom
Term
proton
Definition
a subatomic particle having a single positive electric charge. The mass of a proton is about 1840 times that of an electron
Term
acid
Definition
a substance that yields hydrogen icons (H+)when it is dissolved in water
Term
alkali metal
Definition
the group 1A elements (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr)
Term
alkaline earth metals
Definition
the group 2A elements (Be,Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra)
Term
allotrope
Definition
two or more forms of the same element that differ significantly in chemical and physical properties
Term
anion
Definition
an ion with a net negative charge
Term
atom
Definition
the basic unit of an element that can enter into chemical combination
Term
atomic number
Definition
(z) the number of protons in the neucleus of an atom
Term
base
Definition
a substance that yields hydroxide ions (OH-)when dissolved in water
Term
Binary compound
Definition
compounds formed from just 2 elements
Term
cation
Definition
an ion with a net positive charge
Term
c
Definition
Term
cation
Definition
an ion with a net positive charge
Term
chemical formula
Definition
an expression showing the chemical composition of a compound in terms of the symbols for the atoms of the elements involved
Term
law of conservation of mass
Definition
the total quantity of energy in the universe is constant
Term
law of definite proportions
Definition
different samples of the same compound always contain it's constituent elements in the same proportions by mass
Term
law of multiple proportions
Definition
if 2 elements can combine to form more than one type of compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are ratios of small whole numbers
Term
mass number (a)
Definition
the total number of neutrons and protons present in the nucleus of an atom
Term
metal
Definition
elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity and have the tendency to form positive ions in ionic compounds
Term
metalloid
Definition
an element with properties intermediate between those of metal and nonmetals
Term
molecular formula
Definition
an expression showing the exact numbers of atoms of each element in a molecule
Term
molecule
Definition
an aggregate of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by special forces
Term
Radio activity
Definition
the spontaneous breakdown of an atom by emission of particles and/or radiation.
Term
Structural formula
Definition
a chemical formula that shows how atoms are bonded to one another in a molecule
Term
ternary compound
Definition
compounds consisting of 3 elements
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