Details Title: International Management Description: Cultural Influences on International Marketing Total Flash Cards: 47 Created: 02/18/2008 13:57:49		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Management Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Culture Definition The continuously evolving totality of leaned and shared meanings, rituals, norms, and traditions among the memebers of an organization or society. Term Ecology Definition The manner in which society adapts to its habitatit, i.e., the distribution of resources within an industrialized country versus a developing country; the desire for efficiency, space-saving devices, or green products. Term Social structure Definition The organization of relationships in a society. Term Ideology Definition The manner in which indivduals related to their enviroment and to others, including their attitudes toward time, space, possessions, and referent others. Term language Definition The vehicle used for communication in a particular culture; includes spoken and written language and nonverbal communication. Term spoken/written language Definition The language used in conversation/ the language used in written communications. Term nonverbal communication Definition All communication that is not written or spoken; includes body language, gestures, facial expressions eye contact, and silence. Term postures Definition Individuals' physical postures during conversation. Term orientations Definition Individuals' positioning relative to their counterparts during conversation. Term osulesics Definition The use or avoidance of eye contact during communication. Term chronemics Definition The timing of verbal exchanges. Term haptics Definition The use of touch while conversing. Term kinesics Definition The movement of part of the body in order to communicate. Term paralinguistics Definition Thenonverbal aspects of speech that include intonation, accents, and the quality of voice. Term appearances Definition An individual's physical attire and overall grooming. Term olfactions Definition The use of odors to convey messages. Term religion Definition A society's relationship to the supernatural. Term High-context cultures Definition cultures in which the context of a message- the message source, the source's standing in society or in a group, his or her expertise, tone of voice and body language- are all meaningful parts of the message. Term low-context cultures Definition Cultures in which what is said is precisely what is meant so that the verbal message carries the full meaning of the sentence. Term values Definition Enduring beliefs about a specific mode of conduct or desirable end-state that guide the selection or evaluation of beahvior. Term enculturation Definition The process by which individuals learn the beliefs and behaviors endorsed by their own culture. Term acculturaltion Definition The act of learning a new culture; encompasses intercultural interaction and adaptation. Term assimilation Definition The act of abandoning all home-coming traditions while learning a new culture. Term norms Definition Rules that dictate what is right or wrong, acceptable or unacceptable in a society. Term imperatives Definition The norms referring to what individuals must or must not do in a certain culture. Term exclusives Definition The norms that refer to activities that are appropriate only for locals and from which individuals from a foreign country are excluded. Term adiaphoras Definition The norms that refer to customs that a foreign national may engage in but is not necessarily expected to do so. Term national and regional character Definition A set of behavior and personality characteristics shared by individuals of a certain country or region. Term nonochronic time Definition The interpretation of time as linear, such that individuals do one thing at a time, and in sequence. Term polychronic time Definition The interpretation of time as fluid, such that individuals can accomplish multiple tasks at once. Term time orientation Definition The manner in which individuals view time in relation to accomplishing tasks. Term gift giving Definition The norms regarding the gifts that are appropriate to give to others. Term gender roles Definition The roles that women and men are expected to hold in a society. Term status concern Definition The value placed on symbols of status and on the attainment of high status in a society. Term Materialism Definition Individuals' degree of concern with material possessions. Term cultural variability Definition the classification of cultures on a number of dimensions, or continuums; Hofstede classified cultures on the dimensions of collectivism, masculinity, power distance, and uncertainity avoidence. Term power distance Definition the manner in which interpersonal relationships are formed when differences in power are perceived. Term uncertainity avoidence Definition The extent to which individuals are threatened by uncertainty, risk, and ambiguous situations and thus adopt beliefs, behaviors, and institutions that help them to avoid the uncertainty. Term masculinity Definition The degree to which a national culture is characterized by assertiveness, rather than nurturing. Term feminity Definition The degree to which a national culture is characterized by nurturing, rather than assertive, values. Term individualism Definition The degree to which people in a country prefer to act as individuals, in their self-interest. Term collectivism Definition The degree to which individuals prefer to act in the interest of the group, rather than in their own self interest. Term self-reference criterion Definition Indivuals' conscious and unconscious reference to their own national culture, to home-country norms and values, and to their knowledge and experience in the process of making deciosions in the host country. Term ethnocentrism Definition The belief that one's culture is superior to another and that strategies used in one's home country (presumably a developed country) will work just as well internationally. Term global consumer culture positioning Definition Marketing programs appealing to individuals who want to be part of a global consumer culture by purchasing a brand that is a symbol of that culture. Term local consumer culture positioning Definition Positioning that associates the brand with local cultural meanings, reflecting the local culture, and portrayed as consumed by locals and/or depicted as locally produced for local people. Term foreign consumer culture positioning Definition The positioning of a particular brand as symbolic of a desired foreign culture.