Term
| What's Fukuyama's theory regarding the end of history? |
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Definition
| Westernized liberalism will triumph. Democratic peace theory. |
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Term
| What did Samuel Huntington argue about the clash of civilizations? |
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Definition
| He said that the entities (Western, Latin American, etc) will become the glue that brings some states together and pulls others apart. |
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Term
| What is Benjamin Barker's theory about the global future? |
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Definition
Globalization and Fragmentation.
1. Declining significance of international borders for the flow of goods, capital, people, and ideas.
2. Fragmentation: Tribalization of the nation-state with new divisions occurring between peoples. |
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Term
| What are the difference between an extreme realist POV and a pacifist? Also, what is the just-war tradition? |
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Definition
Extreme Realist: Must fight to stay alive. Ends justify the means.
Pacifists: Anti-war.
Just-war: There must be just cause and war must be the last result. |
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Term
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Definition
| The principle that combatants respect the immunity of noncombatants. |
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Term
| What is the principle of proportionality? |
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Definition
| Met when the legitimate aims sought by a state resorting to war outweigh the harm that will result from the prosecution of the war. |
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Term
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Definition
| The requirements of discrimination and proportionality coming together. Good must outweigh the bad. |
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Term
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Definition
Unlawful acts done as retaliation to another unlawful act hoping that this will change their ways.
Example: US in Libya after terrorist attack. |
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Term
| What are the two main philosophical perspectives in internation law? |
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Definition
Natural law: Roots in the concept of divine law, which asserts that there is a community of citizens that are entitled to certain rights. Influenced by the church.
Legal positivism: Consists of nothing more than the rules states make for themselves. Think there is no natural or divine law. |
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Term
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Definition
| Evidence of a general practice accepted as law. Thus, following a law out of international custom rather than law. |
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Term
| Communitarian moral viewpoint vs cosmopolitan |
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Definition
Communitarian: Accord significant moral status to political communities.
Cosmopolitan: States' rights to autonomy and noninterference derive from their willingness and capacity to respect and defend the security and welfare of teir citizens. |
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Term
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Definition
1. The UN of the security against violence. Security Council, etc.
2. The UN of economic security and the provision of basic human needs.
3. The UN of human dignity and justice. ICJ. |
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Term
| DEFINE: Structural Violence |
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Definition
| Deprivations enforced, often subtly, by repressive social and political systems that are resistant to change, in contrast to the direct or physical violence of war. |
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Term
| What are the two main explanations for the democratic peace theory? |
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Definition
The cultural explanation: The perceptions and practices within democracies promote peace internationally. Respecting the rights of self-determination, etc.
The structural explanation: Institutional restraints, such as elections and divisions of power, make it harder for democracies to enter wars. |
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Term
| What are Kant's three principles for perpetual peace? |
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Definition
1. The civil constitution of every state should be republican.
2. The law of nations shall be founded on a federation of free states.
3. The law of world citizenship shall be limited to conditions of universal hospitality. |
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Term
Define: World federalism
Define: Functionalism |
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Definition
World federalism: The idea that permanent peace could be achieved only by establishing a world government.
Functionalism: IOs should aim only to solve specific problems and should not attempt to be all things for all states. |
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Term
| Why was the US on the winning side of the GA 2/3rds of the time until the 1970s? |
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Definition
Why did this change?
1. A bunch of countries decided they don’t like us and they vote against us.
2. We are wrong and should change our viewpoint.
3. US should be loyal opposition.
UN Voting Patterns: Anti US attitudes have been there since the earliest days of the UN. Only thing that has changed is that these countries are now in the majority. |
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Term
| What are the 3 Different UN budgets? |
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Definition
Peacekeeping: Operations can pop up whenever.
General budget: Pays workers and original expenses
Voluntary funding: Contribution to humanitarian efforts
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Term
| What are the main options for the US when trying to intervene? |
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Definition
1. Show-the-flag: Physically demonstrate interest in what’s going on. Send in the navy or marines or something. Part of it is in order to evacuate American citizens if things go bad.
2. Take sides: Decide which of the contending groups to support. More than show the flag. You land and actually start doing stuff.
3. Peacekeeping: Regardless of who is right or wrong, they just want to end the conflict. Happens usually under UN.
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Term
| Define: International political economy |
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Definition
| Focuses on the combined political and economic behavior taking place among state and nonstate international actors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Realists are their descendants. Mercantilism was the economic doctrine pursued by the major states of Europe before the 19th century. Actively encourage exports while discouraging imports. |
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Term
| Define: Industrial policy |
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Definition
| The set of arrangements whereby the government assists industries crucial to the nation's economic strength. US accomplishes much of the same thing under the guise of national defense. |
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Term
| Define: Defense conversion |
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Definition
| Transfering defense industries/technologies into nondefense purposes. |
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Term
| What are the 3 and other 3 stages of economic development of countries? |
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Definition
G-20 GROUP: First world
Second world: mostly disappeared. Was traditionally the Soviet bloc.
3rd world: Everyone else. May be too broad and not useful.
Another angle:
3rd world: Developing countries that are ACTUALLY developing.
4th world: Had the potential to develop due to resources.
5th world: Seemed like these countries were never going to move forward.
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Term
| What are the two dimensions of international interdependence? And how does this relate to the economy? |
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Definition
1. Sensitivity: The degree of sensitivity has to do with how quickly changes by one actor bring about changes in another and how great the effects are.
2. Vulnerability: Measured by the costs imposed on a state or nonstate actor by external events. |
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Term
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Definition
Minimizing trade in favor of domestic production of all goods and services required by society.
EX: Myanmar. |
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Term
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Definition
| A set of formal or informal rules and procedures that regularizes behavior in some area of world politics. The regularization of behavior means the creation of patterns. |
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Term
| What are the two special characteristics of collective goods? |
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Definition
1. Jointness of supply
2. Nonexclusiveness |
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Term
| Define: Embedded liberalism |
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Definition
| The diversity of approaches to dealing with both the costs and benefits of integration into the global economy. |
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Term
| According to Diamond, why did Europe develop better than other areas? |
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Definition
| Has nothing to do with European people being better. Had to do with its orientation EAST-WEST. The climate stayed the same. Therefore, everything worked the same everywhere. |
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Term
| What are possible strategies of the periphery states to try and keep up with European development? |
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Definition
-Imitate what is happening in the Center
-Trade with the Center
-Get finance from the Center
-Rely on trickle down from the Center
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Term
| What are the steps in the process of dependency? |
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Definition
1. Foreign penetration
2. Trade sector distortions
3. Internal economic distortions (relatively few people benefit from trade)
4. Social and political distortions
5. Internal conflict
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Term
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Definition
Informal of “extralegal assets” that cannot be used effectively for economic transactions, guarantees, contributions, or compensations.
Such as not properly owned houses, buildings.
Can't tax them. |
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Term
| What was the product of European integration after WWII? |
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Definition
1. Aided recovery after WWII
2. Reduces prospects of European warfare
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Term
| What are three bargaining strategies? |
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Definition
Appease: Escalating positive inducements
Reciprocate: Respond in kind to last action taken by opponent
Bully: Escalating negative inducements
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Term
| What sort of impact does PAST conflict history have on chances of war? |
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Definition
Enduring rivalry: Increases the chance
Successful bargaining before: ????
Failure (us: Increases the chance
LOOK THIS UP IN OCT 24 it doesn't make sene |
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Term
| Three reasons why trade reduces conflict |
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Definition
Why does trade reduce conflict?
1. Costs of breaking mutually beneficial bonds
2. Interaction leads to greater knowledge about the other state
3. Can use economic relations as leverage
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Term
| What are the four groups within a political system? |
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Definition
Leadership. Authority to raise revenues, allocate resources
Challenger. Attempting to gain control within “rules of the game.”
Selectorate. Set of people eligible to choose leadership..basically vote
Winning Coalition. Subset of selectorate; supports leader and keep him/her in power
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Term
| What are two issues with using intelligence? |
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Definition
1. Real time restraints
2. Do you want to risk exposing your source?
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Term
| What did the African Union Founding Charter do? |
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Definition
-A principle objective of AU: protection of human rights
-Right ”to intervene in a Member State pursuant to a decision of the Assembly in respect of grave circumstances, namely war crimes, genocide, and crimes against humanity.
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Term
| What are four characteristics of IGOs? |
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Definition
Characteristics of IGOs
1. Established by agreement among governments
2. Governments (states) are members
3. Permanent HQ
4. Regular meetings
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Term
| What are the 3 theories regarding world order to come? |
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Definition
Fukuyama's theory: Western liberalism will triumph.
Clash of Civilizations: Civil institutions (Western, Latin American, etc) will become the glue and source of conflict.
Globalization and Fragmentation: 1. Declining significance of international borders. 2. Tribalization of the nation-state. |
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Term
| What did the six members of the EEC enter into and form? |
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Definition
A customs union, eliminating all all tariffs between them.
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Term
| What are the three pillars of the EU, functionally? |
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Definition
1. The European Community - all the arrangments that came before the Maastricht treaty.
2. Common Foreign and Security Policy
3. Police and Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters
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Term
| THe functions of the UN (5 main ones) |
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Definition
1. Maintain international security
2. Peacekeeping operations
3. Mediator
4. Arbitration purposes
5. Judiciary processes |
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Term
| What are the two major concepts of international law? |
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Definition
Legal positivism: States determine how they act. Based on the determination of states.
Natural law: Divine law. Morality. |
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Term
| According to Jeffrey Sachs, what are four areas in which national economies have become increasingly interdependent? |
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Definition
1. Trade
2. Financial flows
3. Activities of MNCs
4. The harmonization of economic institutions
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Term
| Define: Transational relations |
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Definition
| No international relations. Reject Westphalian viewpoint. |
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Term
| Define: Universal jurisdiction |
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Definition
| People can intervene when you have genocide and such. |
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Term
| How is the global megacorporation transforming the world political economy (3) reasons. |
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Definition
1. The technology of production
2. Finance capital
3. Marketing |
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Term
| What are the 3 elements of Keohane and Ny's concept of complex interdepedance? |
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Definition
1. Complex interdependence refutes the notion that states ONLY count... Says there are numerous other actors.
2. Suggests that there no longer exist a set of hierarchy of international issues dominated by military security.
3. Complex interdependence seems to preclude the use of military force among states. |
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Term
| Three ways to define ethnic groups? |
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Definition
1. Membership reckoned primarily by descent.
2. Members of conscious of group membership.
3. Members share some distinguishing culture features.
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Term
| What are three incentives to go nuclear? |
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Definition
-International political power and/or prestige
-Military security
-Domestic political.
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Term
| What was the early Western view of development? |
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Definition
| Modernization theory: LDCs would progress along the path of industrialization and economic growth as societies shed their traditional ways and became more modern. |
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Term
| Define: Military Industrial Complex |
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Definition
Creates jobs, etc.
2nd: Permament armaments |
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Term
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Definition
| The price of a country's exports relative to the prices of its imports |
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Term
| Define: New international economic order |
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Definition
| Demands for restructuring world trade and industry on terms more favorable to the south. |
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Term
| What are the strategies to drive the accumulation of collective goods? |
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Definition
1. Coercion
2. Offering rewards
3. Education
4. One state paying for everything
5. Creation of organizations
6. Reciprocity |
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Term
| What are some of the elements of the Non-Proliferation Treaty |
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Definition
-If have nukes, don’t transfer or assist in development
-If do not have nukes, don’t develop them.
-IAEA sets up safeguards conducts inspections
-Help non-nuclear states develop peaceful uses (power plants)
-If you have nukes, promise to negotiate in good faith to reduce.
-Original: review and renew every 5 years. NOW: Permanent.
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Term
| Who was the "Godfather" of Non-Proliferation Policy and what did he do? |
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Definition
General Groves.
In charge of Manhattan Project
Wanted the US to have a monopoly on nuclear power.
Bought up uranium in all countries. Tried to have monopoly on uranium.
Not sure if the Soviet Union had uranium or not.
Groves sent people into the Soviet Union to see if they had uranium. Said they didn’t have much. Turns out to be very wrong.
Groves said it would take them 20 years.
1949: First Soviet nuclear explosion.
Problem with physical denial strategy: It ultimately breaks down as countries develop.
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Term
| What are the four potential worlds as described by lecture? |
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Definition
Utopia: People thought this would occur after the Cold War.
Cold War, Part 2: Russia feels they are not given proper respect and become a major power again.
-Chaos
-Power politics return: A series of significant states that are looking to keep each other from becoming powerful. |
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Term
| The two things that drive globalization |
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Definition
1. National governments are less able and less willing to control goods and services.
2. Increase in technology |
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Term
| What is the ecological problamatique of sustainability? |
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Definition
1. Expotential growth of population and human demands.
2. Finite limits to global resources.
3. Interdepence between capital, blah, resources influencing growth.
4. Environmental damage occurs over time. No immediate consequences.
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