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Informatics
N360 Test 3
124
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
11/07/2011

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Nursing research is recognized:
Definition
by its systematic inquiry into phenomena important to nursing
Term
If an experienced nurse looks at a baby you are caring for and suddenly says “that baby is going bad,” that nurse's knowledge probably came from
Definition
nurse’s intuition- (not tradition)
Term
The ability to generalize one's research findings depends upon:
Definition
information being gathered in an unbiased manner from some aspect of the real world
Term
What distinguishes basic research from applied research?
Definition
Years may pass before it can be used in practice
Term
Qualitative research is characterized:
Definition
by participants' perceptions of their experiences
Term
The type of research that focuses on effective results for certain populations is
Definition
outcomes research
Term
The nurse with a BSN is not expected to be able to participate in research as:
Definition
an independent investigator
Term
Practice-related research experienced an expansion in the:
Definition
1970s
Term
Research priorities for nursing:
Definition
are identified by a variety of public and private organizations in areas of nursing practice, education, or administration
Term
The researcher is trying to determine if study results support the study hypothesis. The researcher makes this decision through
Definition
interpretation of data
Term
When should a pilot study be conducted?
Definition
Before actual study participants are approached
Term
Compare the “organize the data for analysis” step of the research process with the “analyze the data” step. Determine which of these statements is correct about these two steps in the research process.
Definition
During the “organize the data” step, the researcher should enter data into “dummy tables
Term
What is the primary reason for the variation in the number of steps in the research process that are found in different research textbooks?
Definition
Some research textbook authors combine steps in the research process.
Term
Distinguish between the problem statement and the purpose.
Definition
The problem statement and purpose are often used interchangeably in the literature.
Term
When should a review of the literature be conducted in a quantitative study?
Definition
Throughout the study
Term
Distinguish between assumptions and hypotheses.
Definition
Assumptions and hypotheses have no relationship to each other
Term
A student asks you to explain the difference between a conceptual definition and an operational definition. You try to explain the difference to the student, by providing an example of an operational definition for depression. Which of the following is an example of an operational definition for depression?
Definition
Scores on the Beck Depression Inventory
Term
Differentiate between study limitations and extraneous variables.
Definition
Study limitations and extraneous variables are synonymous.
Term
Which of the following would be an example of an accessible population for a group of clients who had just been diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes?
Definition
The clients of a private endocrinologist in a large southern city who have just recently been diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes
Term
Differentiate the purpose of the theoretical framework from the research design in a research study.
Definition
Term
The researcher wants to conduct a qualitative study on stress experienced by individuals after living through a hurricane. An appropriate study purpose might be
Definition
Describe what it was like when you were in the hurricane.
Term
In qualitative research, the review of the literature is done
Definition
At different times during different types of qualitative studies.
Term
Frequently, sample sizes are small in qualitative studies. One of the primary reasons for these small sample sizes is that the
Definition
researcher is beginning to hear the same types of responses from participants
Term
A focus group is sometimes used to collect data in qualitative research. Which of the following topics would be appropriate for a focus group?
Definition
A discussion of how participants feel about being seen by a nurse practitioner
Term
A mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) study is conducted. The researcher is trying to justify this combination of methods. Which of the following statements would most clearly justify a mixed method study?
Definition
The researcher’s ability to obtain reliable data is increased.
Term
Appraise the following study titles and determine which one is probably a qualitative study.
Definition
“Life on a Respirator”
Term
Data analysis in qualitative research begins
Definition
once data collection begins.
Term
Protecting the rights of participants in qualitative research may be even more important than in quantitative research because
Definition
individuals in qualitative studies are more likely to share personal and private information with the researcher than in the case of a quantitative study.
Term
How long does it generally take to collect data in a qualitative study?
Definition
No set amount of time
Term
Differentiate between reliability and validity in qualitative studies.
Definition
Validity means that the findings reflect reality
Term
Illustrate the role of a participant observer.
Definition
Covert- research observer who interacts with subjects and observes their behavior without subject knowledge. Overt- interacts openly with subject awareness.
Term
Demonstrate one of the reasons that primary sources should be used when reviewing the literature.
Definition
A primary source has been prepared by the researcher(s) who actually conducted the study.
Term
Choose the true statement about the references found on journal article reference lists.
Definition
There are a fairly high percentage of inaccuracies in the reference lists of journal articles.
Term
Which of the following indexes is not available in electronic form?
Definition
Nursing Studies Index
Term
Which of the following databases would be most appropriate for the health care consumer to search on the Internet?
Definition
MedlinePlus
Term
What is the purpose of the OLDMEDLINE database?
Definition
Covers older references that are not contained in MEDLINE.
Term
In which of the following journals would you expect to find a primary source for a research study?
Definition
Heart & Lung
Term
Where would you locate a reference to a 1948 medical study?
Definition
Index Medicus
Term
The following electronic resource is not as popular as it was in the 1980s:
Definition
CD-ROMs
Term
How will you determine whether a research study reference is a primary or a secondary source?
Definition
Consider the journal in which the article is published
Term
Appraise the Online Computer Library System (OCLC)
Definition
Listing of books that are held by libraries throughout the world
Term
Illustrate the use of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
Definition
combines the results of original research and can summarize many studies at once cochrane has 52 review groups such as- breast ca, drugs/alcohol, ms,std
Term
The credibility of nursing as a profession depends upon:
Definition
the existence of a body of knowledge that is distinct from that of other disciplines
Term
A nurse researcher is interested in the behaviors of people who spend time in intensive care unit waiting rooms. No research could be found about this topic in the nursing literature. What kind of study would be appropriate to study this topic?
Definition
Exploratory
Term
Differentiate between internal and external validity of research designs.
Definition
As the researcher controls for internal validity, external validity usually decreases.
Term
Which of the following threats to internal validity is most difficult to control?
Definition
Mortality
Term
Differentiate between the pretest–posttest control group design and the nonequivalent control group design.
Definition
In the nonequivalent control group design, subjects are not randomly assigned to groups.
Term
How does a researcher control for the reactive effects of the pretest (also called measurement effect)?
Definition
Use a Solomon four-group design
Term
A correlation coefficient of –0.80 between the number of hours studied for a test and the scores on the test indicates that
Definition
as the number of hours studied decreases, test scores increase.
Term
A researcher is interested in studying child abuse in families where the mother was abused when she was a child. Which of the following designs would be most appropriate to study this phenomenon?
Definition
Ex post facto
Term
When reading a quantitative research report to determine if the design is appropriate, it is most important to read which part of the research article?
Definition
All of the research article
Term
A researcher is studying the use of a new realistic model of the human breast to teach women how to perform breast self-exam (BSE). Six weeks later, the researcher will test the women’s recall of the information taught. Select the situation from those listed below that would concern the researcher most about the validity of her study.
Definition
An actress had to have a mastectomy and made a statement on television that it is important for women to know how to perform BSE.
Term
One of the biggest advantages that a quasi-experimental design has over a true experimental design:
Definition
By conducting research with naturally occurring groups, the “real world” is more closely approximated.
Term
Explain the use of the term “manipulation” in experimental research
Definition
Term
Discriminate between internal validity and external validity.
Definition
Term
Illustrate the use of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
Definition
Term
Illustrate the value of electronic databases.
Definition
Term
What is quantitative research?
Definition
formal, objective, systematic analysis based on collecting and analyzing numerical data
traditional approach to scientific investigation used by many disciplines
based on collecting and analyzing numerical data
forms the basis for EBP
Term
What are the Criteria for a Hypothesis?
Definition
1. Written in a declarative sentence
2. Written in the present tense
3. Specifies the population to be studied
4. Reflects the problem statement or the purpose statement
5. Contains all the variables
6. Is empirically testable
Term
What is a Directional Hypothesis?
Definition
Predicts a cause-effect relationship (IV and DV)
Term
What are the Steps in Qualitative Research Process?
Definition
1. Identify the phenomenon to study
2. Select the research design
3. Review the Literature
4. Select the sample
5. Gain entry to the research site
6. Protect the rights of participants
7. Collect the data
8. Analyze the data
9. Communicate the study results
Term
What are the guidelines for critiquing LR?
Definition
1. Is it comprehensive?
2. Is it concise?
3. Does it flow logically from the purpose?
4. Are the sources relevant?
5. Are sources critically appraised?
6. Are there both classic and current sources?
7. Are paraphrased or quotes used most often?
8. Both supporting and opposing theory and research presented?
9. Are most of the references primary sources?
10. Can it be determined that sources are primary or secondary?
11. All sources sited found on the reference list?
12. Citation errors?
Term
What are the roles of nurses in research?
Definition
Principal Investigator (PI)
Member of research team
Identifier of researchable problems
Evaluator of research findings
user of research findings
Patient/client advocate during studies
Subject/participant in studies
Term
What is a Hypothesis?
Definition
Predicted relationship between two or more variables, i.e. what the researcher expects to find
Written prior to beginning the study
Not wild guesses
Must have a logical rationale
Derived from: personal experience, previous research studies, and theories
Term
What is a Simple Hypothesis?
Definition
A hypothesis with two variables
Term
What is a Dependent Variable?
Definition
Observed result
Expected to change when IV is manipulated
Value of DV 'depends' on the value of the IV
The "effect"
Term
What is an Independent Variable?
Definition
Variable that is manipulated by the researcher
The "cause"
Term
What is a Research Question?
Definition
Used in studies when hypotheses not appropriate: all qualitative research, some types of quantitative research
Broad and general in qualitative studies
Narrow and specific in quantitative studies
Not always explicitly stated
Term
What is Applied (practical) Research
Definition
seeks solutions to existing problems
generate knowledge that will directly influence or improve clinical practice
often done in clinical setting
most nursing research falls into this category
Term
What are the common elements of Qualitative and Quantitative Research?
Definition
Select a topic
State the research problem
Justify significance of the research study
Review existing literature on the topic
Design the study
Select subjects/participants
Gather data
Analyze and interpret the results
Develop a written report
Communicate the findings
Term
What is Outcomes research?
Definition
analyze the effectiveness of healthcare services as defined by patient rather than care providers
Term
What is a Null Hypothesis?
Definition
States there is no relationship between the variables
Used for statistical analysis
Term
What is a Null Hypothesis?
Definition
States there is no relationship between the variables
Used for statistical analysis
Term
What is Nursing Research?
Definition
systematic, objective process of analyzing phenomena of importance to nursing identify, test and validate nursing practices prevention and promotion, not just treatment
Term
What is qualitative research?
Definition
Subjective analysis of events, people, personal values, feelings, perceptions, experiences, etc.
used to describe life experiences and give them meaning
identify patterns, similarities, and differences in people's attitudes, beliefs, and feelings
origins in social and behavioral sciences
does not contribute to EBP: no standards for judging quality of qualitative studies, does not demonstrate cause-and-effect as in quant studies, and findings cannot be generalized to larger population
Term
What is a Non-directional Hypothesis?
Definition
Predicts variables are related but no cause-effect
Term
What is a Research Hypothesis?
Definition
Predicts a relationship exists among variables
Term
What is Basic (pure) Research
Definition
goal is to generate new knowledge
develop, test, and refine theories
often done in lab seeks "knowledge for knowledge's sake" results usually not directly useful in practice
Term
What are the Steps in Quantitative Research Process?
Definition
1. Identify the problem
2. Determine the purpose of the study
3. Review the literature
4. Develop a theoretical/conceptual framework
5. Identify the study assumptions
6. Acknowledge the limitations of the study
7. Formulate the hypothesis or research question
8. Define study variables/terms
9. Select the research design
10. Identify the population
11. Select a sample
12. Conduct a pilot study
13. Collect the data
14. Organize the data for analysis
15. Analyze the data
16. Interpret the findings
17. Communicate the findings
18. Utilize the findings
Term
What is a Complex Hypothesis?
Definition
A hypothesis with three or more variables
Term
What is a literature review?
Definition
Synthesis of current theoretical and scientific knowledge about a particular problem
Scope: broad enough to allow reader to become familiar with the topic, narrow enough to include only most relevant studies
Primary source: written by person responsible for conducting the research
Secondary source: written by someone who summarizes content from primary sources
Term
What are good online database search strategies?
Definition
Select database
Select keywords: words and or phrases, experiment with different search terms
Keep a written search record
Use reference management software
Term
What are the goals of Nursing Research?
Definition
Promote EBP
Enhance credibility of nursing profession
Increase accountability for nursing practice
Document cost effectiveness
Term
What are Sources of Nursing Knowledge?
Definition
Tradition: "the way we've always done it"
Authority: "that's how we've been told to do it by the boss"
Trial and Error: "we'll try another way until we get it right"
Scientific Research: " it's proven to be the best method through scientific analysis and testing"
Term
The most objective means of obtaining nursing knowledge is through?
Definition
scientific research
Term
In regard to research, the general public:
Definition
has little knowledge about nursing research
Term
Which of the following is true regarding nursing research?
Definition
Many studies have focused on nurses themselves
Term
The major reason for conducting nursing research is to?
Definition
promote evidence based care
Term
Which of the following is generally true regarding the knowledge base for nursing?
Definition
much of the knowledge that has been used by nurses was developed by members of other disciplines
Term
As nurses began to recieve advanced educational preperation and became qualified to conduct research, many of their studies concerned?
Definition
nursing education
Term
The first journal devoted primarily to the publication of nursing research was?
Definition
Nursing Research
Term
Nursing leaders have called for research focusing on which of the following topics?
Definition
Quality of life
patient safety
living with a chronic illness
end-of-life care
Term
Which agency is the most influsnetial at the present time in funding nursing research?
Definition
NINR
Term
All nurses should be able to?
Definition
Identify researchable problems for nursing research studies.
Term
All authors agree on the following number of steps in conducting quantitative research:
Definition
There is no set number of steps
Term
Which is true considering quantitative research?
Definition
There may be some shifting back and forth between steps
Term
One of the main purposes of conducting a review of the literature before carrying out a research project is to?
Definition
Determine existing knowledge on the topic
Term
Which is true concerning assumptions?
Definition
All studies are based on assumptions
Term
The plan for how a study will be conducted is called the?
Definition
design
Term
The small group selected from a larger group to participate in a study is known as the?
Definition
sample
Term
At what point in the research process should a statistition be consulted intitially?
Definition
early in the research project
Term
A friend asks you to explain the difference between a conceptual definition and an operational definition of anxiety. You help her to understand these concepts by providing her with the following operational definition of anxiety:
Definition
A score above 40 on the Nieswiadomy Anxiety Inventory
Term
The final step of the research process for the researcher is to?
Definition
utilize the findings
Term
Which of the following communication mediums is the most efficient means of presenting reseach findings?
Definition
journals
Term
Qualitative research has been the type of research chosen by most nurse researchers in the past (true or false)
Definition
False
Term
The researcher exerts tight controls over the research situation in qualitative research (true or false)
CH 4/2
Definition
False
CH 4/2
Term
There has been an increase in the number of qualitative studies in the past few years (true or false)
CH4/3
Definition
True
CH4/3
Term
Many nurses are calling for both wualitative and quantitative methods in research (true or false)
CH4/4
Definition
True
CH4/4
Term
Qualitative researchers are very concerned with the generalizability of their study findings (true or false)
CH4/5
Definition
False
CH4/5
Term
The numbewr of subjects is generally larger in qualitative research than in quantitative (true or false)
CH4/6
Definition
False
CH4/6
Term
Qualitative research is less common today than it was 20 years ago (true or false)
CH4/7
Definition
False
CH4/7
Term
Which is true when comparing qualitative and quantitative research?
Definition
The amount of data to be analyzed is usually greater in qualitative studies than in quantitative studies
Term
If a researcher were planning a qualitative study, which of teh following data-collection methods do you think would most likely be considered?
Definition
participant observations and semistructured interviews
Term
WHen both qualitative and quantitative research methods are used simultaneously in the same study, this procedure is called?
Definition
mixed methods
Term
Which is the most imprtant reason for conducting a review of the literature before conducting a research study?
Definition
A determination will be made about the existing knowledge in the identified problem area.
Term
primary source for a nursing research study is?
Definition
A description of the study written by the researcher who conducted the study
Term
How can you best determine if primary sources are listed on the reference list of an article?
Definition
The reference list contains articles from research journals.
Term
Most research articles that appear in the journal Nursing Research are examples of?
Definition
primary research
Term
Which of the following databases is available only through a library?
Definition
WorldCat
Term
If you wanted to obtain the most comprehensive study results on a particular health care intrervention, you would want to access which of teh following databases?
Definition
Chochrane database of systemic reviews
Term
Which of these indexes does not have an online version?
Definition
Nursing Studies Index
Term
Which of the following sources should be searched for a 1980 article published in the American Journal of Nursing?
Definition
CINHAL Plus
Term
In conducting a literature review, the readeris least interested in which of the following information about a research study?
Definition
Opinions about the research study
Term
Which of the following statements is true about online databases?
Definition
SOme online databases are available to the general public
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