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INFO Chapter 3
Exam 2
73
Business
Undergraduate 1
09/23/2012

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Term
Digital Darwinism
Definition
organizations that cannot adapt to new demands places on them for surviving in the information age are doomed to extinction 
Term
disruptice technology
Definition

a new way of doing things that initially does not meet the needs of existing customers - opens new markets and destroys old ones 

(future)

Term
sustaining technology
Definition

produces an improved product customers are eager to buy and provide us with better, faster, and cheaper products in eastablished markets 

(current)

Term
Internet
Definition
massive network that connects computers all over the world and allows them to communicate with one another 
Term
World Wide Web (WWW)
Definition
provides access to Internet information through documents )including text, graphics, audio, and video files) that use a special formatting language called HTML
Term
Hypertext markup language (HTML)
Definition
links documents, allowing users to move from one to another simply by clicking on a hot spot or link 
Term
Web browsers
Definition

allow users to acces the WWW 

(Internet Explorer or Mozilla's Firefox) 

Term
Hypertext transport protocol (HTTP)
Definition
the Internet protocol Web browsers use to request and display Web pages using universal resource locators 
Term
universal resource locator (URL)
Definition
the address of a file or resource on the Web such as www.apple.com
Term
Web 1.0
Definition
a term to refer to the World Wide Web during its first few years of operation between 1991 and 2003 
Term
Ecommerce
Definition
the buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet
Term
Ebusiness
Definition
includes ecommerce along with all activities related to internal and external business operations (such as servicing customer accounts, collaborating with partners, and exchaning real-time information)
Term
paradigm shift
Definition
occurs when a new radical form of business enters the market that reshapes the way companies and organizations behave 
Term
Information richness
Definition
refers to the depth and breadth of details contained in a piece of textual, graphic, audio, or video information 
Term
information reach
Definition
measures the number of people a firm can communicate with all over the world 
Term
mass customerization
Definition
the ability of an organization to tailor its products or services to the customers' specificatioins 
Term
Personalization
Definition
occures when a company knows enough about a customer's likes and silikes that i can fashion offers more likely to appeal to that person 
Term
long tail
Definition

strategy that demonstrates how niche products can have viable and profitable business models when selling via ebusiness

(refers to the tail of a typical sales curve) 

 

Term
intermediaries
Definition
agents, software, or businesses that provide a trading infrastructure bring buyers and sellers together 
Term
disintermediation
Definition
occurs when a business sells directly to the customer online and cuts out the intermediary 
Term
reintermediation
Definition
steps are added to the value chain as new players find ways to add value to the business process 
Term
cybermediation
Definition
the creation of new kinds of intermediaries that simply could not have existed before the advent of ebusiness
Term
interactivity
Definition
measures advertising effectiveness by counting visitor interactions with the target ad, including time spent viewing the ad, number of pages viewed, and the number of repeat visits to the advertisement 
Term
clickstream data
Definition
records the pattern of a consumer's navigation through a site 
Term
business model
Definition
a plan that details how a company creates, delivers, and generates revenues 
Term
ebusiness model 
Definition
a plan that details how a company creates, delivers, and generates revenues on the Internet
Term
Business-to-business (B2B)
Definition

applies to businesses buying from and selling to each other over the Internet - 80% of al online business 

(medical billing service, software sales and licensing, virtual assistant businesses)

Term
Business-to-consumer (B2C)
Definition
applies to any business that sells its products or services directly to consumers online 
Term
eshop (or estore, or etailer)
Definition
an online version of a retail store where customers can shop at any hour 
Term
Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
Definition
applies to customers offering goods and services to each other on the Internet 
Term
Internet service provider (ISP)
Definition
a company that provides acces to the Internet for a monthly fee (like AOL, AT&T, Comcast, Earthlink, and Netzero) 
Term
Real-time comunication
Definition
occurs when a system updates information at the same rate it receives it 
Term
instant messaging (IMing)
Definition
a service that enables instant or real-time communication between people 
Term
podcasting
Definition
converts an audio broadcast to a digital music player 
Term
Web conferencing (webinar)
Definition
blends videoconferencing with document sharing and allows the user to deliver a presentation over the Web to a group of geographically dispersed participants 
Term
content management systems (CMS)
Definition
help companies manage the creation, storage, editing, and publication of their website content 
Term
taxonomy 
Definition
the scientific classification of organisms into groups based on simliarities of structure or origin 
Term
information architecture
Definition
the set of ideas about how all information in a given context should be organized 
Term
Web 2.0 (Business 2.0) 
Definition
the next generation of Internet use- a more matures, distinctive coominications platform characterized by new qualities such as collaboration, sharing, and free 
Term
open system
Definition
consister of nonproprietary hardware and software based on publicly known standards that allows their parties to create add-on products tp plug into or interoperate with the system
Term
source code
Definition
constain instructions written by a programmer specifying the actions to pe performs by computer software
Term
open source
Definition
refers to any software whose source code is made available free for any third party to review and modify
Term
Usr-contributed content (user-generated content)
Definition
created and updated by many users for many users (Flickr, Wikipedia, YouTube)
Term
reputation system
Definition
a user-generated system where buyers post feedback on sellers
Term
collaboration system
Definition
a set of tools that supports the work of teams or groups by facilitating the sharing and flow of information 
Term
collective intelligence
Definition
collaborating and tapping into the core knowledge of all employees, partners, and customers 
Term
knowledge management (KM)
Definition
most common form of collective intelligence, which involved capturing, classifying, evaluating, retrieving, and sharing information assests in a way that provides contect for effective decisions and actions 
Term
knowledge management system (KMS)
Definition

supports the capturing, organization, and dissemination of knowledge throught an organization 

 

goal is that everyone wins

Term
explicit knowledge 
Definition
consists of anything that can be documented, archived, and codified, often with the help of IT (patents, trademarks, business plans, marketing research, and customer lists)
Term
tacit knowledge
Definition

the knowledge contained in people's heads 

 

challenge is figure out how to recognize, generate, share, and manage this knowledge 

Term
crowdsourcing
Definition
the wisdom of the crowd 
Term
asynchronous communications
Definition
communication such as email in which the message and the response do not occur at the same time 
Term
synchronous communication
Definition
communications that occur at the same time such as IM or chat 
Term
social media
Definition
refers to websites that rely on user participation and user-contributed content (Facebook, YouTube) 
Term
social network
Definition
an application that connects people by matching profile information 
Term
social networking
Definition

the practice of expanding your business and/or social contracts by constucting a personal network.

provides: 

1. abilitiy to create and maitain a profile that serves as an online identity within the environment

2. ability to create connections between other people within the network 

Term
social networking analysis (SNA)
Definition
maps group contacts (personal and professional) identifying who knows each other and who works together 
Term
tags
Definition
spacific keywords or phrases incorporated into website contect for means of classification or taxonomy 
Term
social tagging
Definition
the collaborative activity of marking shared online content with keywords or tags as a way to organize it for future navigation, filtering or search
Term
folksonomy
Definition
similar to taxonomy except that crowdsourcing determines the tags or keyword-based classification system 
Term
website bookmark
Definition
a locally stored URL or the address of a file or Internet page saved as a shortcut 
Term
social bookmarking
Definition
allows users to share, organize, search, and manage bookmarks 
Term
blog (Web log)
Definition
an online journal that allows users to post their own comments, graphics, and video 
Term
microblogging
Definition
the practice of sending brief posts (140 to 200 characters) to a personal blog, either publicly or to a private group of subscibers who can read the posts as IMs or text messages
Term
real simple syndication (RSS)
Definition
a Web format used to publish frequently updated works such as blogs, new headlines, audio, and video, in the standardize format 
Term
wiki
Definition
(Hawaiian for quick) a type of collabortive Web page that allows users to add, remove, and change contentm which can easily be organized and reorganized as required 
Term
network effect
Definition
describes how products in a network increase in value to users as a number of users increases 
Term
mashup
Definition
a website or Web application that uses content from more than one source to create a completely new product or service 
Term
application programming interface (API)
Definition
a set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications
Term
mashup editor
Definition
are WYSIWYG or WhatYouSeeIsWhatYouGet tools
Term
semantic Web
Definition
a component of Web 3.0 that describes things in a way that computers can udnerstand 
Term
egovernment
Definition
involves the use of strategies and technologies to transform government(s) by improving the delivery of servies and enhancing the quality of interaction between the citizen-consumer within all branches of government 
Term
mobilee business (mbusiness/mcommerce)
Definition
the ability to purchase goods and services through a wireless Internet-enabled device 
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