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Inflammation and Immunity
N/A
33
Medical
Professional
02/20/2010

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Term
Methylprednisone
Definition
Glucocorticoid used for acute transplant rejection and other immunosuppressive uses

Long term use limited by toxicity
Term
Tacrolimus
Definition
Potent immunosuppressant w same mechanism as cyclosporine, except it binds FKBP

Used for transplantation and rescue therapy
Term
Cyclosporine
Definition
Calcineurin inhibitor used for organ transplants in combo w glucocorticoids, and for rheumatic arthritis

Binds to cyclophilin and inhibits production of IL-2 by blocking dephosphorylation of NFAT by calcineurin
Term
Sirolimus (Rapamycin)
Definition
Binds to FKBP, but does not inh calcineurin
Blocks IL-2 rec signaling and arrests cell division

Used for prophylaxis in organ transplant
Term
Azathioprine
Definition
Prodrug of PURINE ANALOG mercaptopurine which INH GENE TRANSLATION

Used for immunosuppression
Term
Mycophenolate Mofetil
Definition
Prodrug of mycophenolic acid with higher bioavailability
Term
Anti-thymocyte Globulin
Definition
Used for induction of immunosuppression and acute renal rejection

Can be used for withdrawal of calcineurin inhibitors
Term
Daclizumab use
Definition
Prophylaxis for renal transplants w other immunosuppressants
Term
Basiliximab use
Definition
Prophylaxis for renal transplants w other immunosuppressants
Term
Mycophenolic acid
Definition
Used for tranplant rejection w glucocorticoids and calcineurin inh, but not azathioprine
Term
Methotrexate
Definition
Folate analong

Anti-cancer
Rh arthritis
GVHD

Cytotoxic and anti-infl activity
Term
Muromonab-CD-3 (OKT3)
Definition
Indicated for organ transplant rejection
Term
Efalizumab
Definition
Humanized IgG1 mAb against CD11a chain of LY Ag

Blocks T-cell adhesion

Used for psoriasis
Term
Cyclosporine toxicity (2)
Definition
1. NEPHROTOXICITY
2. HTN
Term
Cyclosporine pharmacokinetics
Definition
Metabolized by P450 3A (extensive rx interactions)

**Grapefruit and juice block CYP3A
Term
Tacrolimus pharmacokinetics
Definition
Metablized by CYP3A (same interactions as cyclosporine)
Term
Tacrolimus adverse effects (2)
Definition
1. NEPHROTOXICITY
2. neurotoxicity (HA, seizures, tremor)
Term
Sirolimus adverse effects
Definition
1. Hyperlipidemia
2. Leukopenia
3. Thrombocytopenia

*No nephrotoxicity, but cannot be given w Tacrolimus or cyclosporine
Term
Sirolimus pharmacokinetics
Definition
Metabolized by CYP3A
Term
Azathiprine adverse effects
Definition
Bone marrow suppression
Inc susceptibility to infxn
Term
Mycophenolic acid mechanism
Definition
Inh inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (the rate limiting enzyme in guanosine formation)

Preferntially affects LYMPHOCYTES which depend on IMPDH for purine synth

Mycoph. acid preferentially inh Type II ImpDH which is highly expressed in LY
Term
Anti-thymocyte Globulin mechanism
Definition
Ab to T-cell antigens that deplete circulating LY
Term
Anti-thymocyte Globulin side effects
Definition
1. Cytokine release syndrome (fever, HA, tremor, N/V, malaise)
Term
Muromonab-CD-3 (OKT3) mechanism
Definition
Ab against human CD3 depletes T-Cell pool
Term
Muromonab-CD-3 (OKT3) side effects
Definition
1. Cytokine release syndrome
2. Pulmonary edema
3. CV collapse
4. Arrythmias
Term
Daclizumab mechanism
Definition
Humanized anti-CD25 mouse Ab binds to IL-2 rec w less affinity than basiliximab
Term
Daclizumab side effects (2)
Definition
1. Infxn
2. Anapyylactic rxns
Term
Basiliximab mechanism
Definition
Humanized anti-CD25 mouse Ab binds to IL-2 rec w greater affinity than daclizimab
Term
Basiliximab side effects (2)
Definition
1. Infxn
2. Anaphylaxis
Term
Hyperacute organ rejection
Definition
Preformed Ab react to donor Ag

Minutes to hors

Prevented by blood type matchin
Term
Acute organ rejection
Definition
Adaptive immune reponse to donot Ag w cytotoxic T cells

Weeks to months

Immunosuppression effective
Term
Chronic organ rejection
Definition
Most common pathology in organ trans

Chronic infl by T-cells response

No current Rx
Term
Graft versus host dz
Definition
Implanted immune cells react to host

Rx with immunosuppression
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