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Infertility
Diagnostic Medical Sonography
57
Medical
Undergraduate 1
04/21/2011

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Term
Infertility
Definition
The inability to conceive within twelve months with regular coitus.
Term
  • Cervical
  • Endometrial/uterine
  • Tubal
  • Ovulatory
  • Peritoneal
Definition
Female factors of infertility
Term
  • Inadequate number of sperm
  • Decreased motility of sperm
  • Obstruction of spermatic duct
  • Obstruction of vas deferems
  • Varicoceles
Definition
Male factors of infertility
Term
Secrete mucous and hold sperm
Definition
Function of cervix?
Term
Hostile timing
Definition

Usually wrong timing in relation

to ovulation

Term
Bicornuate
Definition
  • low incidence of fertility complications
  • duplication of the uterus with common cervix
Term
Didelphys
Definition
  • not usually associated with fertility problems
  • Complete duplication of uterus, cervix, and vagina
Term
Septate
Definition
  • High incidence of fertility problems
  • Two uterine cavities closely spaced, on fundus, and sometimes two cervical canals or a vaginal septum 
Term
Lack in blood supply
Definition
What is the difficulty when pregnancy implants along the septum?
Term
Septum can be surgically removed
Definition
To improve implantation success on septum uterus's what can be done?
Term
T-shaped uterus
Definition
  • Risk of cervical incompetence, no treatment
  • DES exposure
Term
Fibroids
Definition
May cause implantation problems due to location and size
Term
Submucosal and intramural
Definition
Which fibroid locations cause the problems of infertility?
Term
  • impede sperm flow
  • prevent adequate implantation
  • cause recurrent miscarriages
  • spontaneous abortions
Definition

Why do fibroids cause infertility

problems?

Term
Poliferative phase
Definition
Triple line of endometrium due to increase estrogen level
Term
progesterone
Definition
Secreted by the corpus luteum
Term
Endometrial lining will be thinner
Definition
when progesterone production is low the endometrium lining is what?
Term
Luteal phase deficiency
Definition

Lack of progesterone production is

called what?

Term

To check response to oarian

stimulation

Definition
Why is the endometrium measured?
Term
echogenic and irregular
Definition
Fibroids and polyps can make the endometrium look what?
Term
Fibroids
Definition
Have broad base and circumferential color flow, and are isoechoic to myometrium
Term
Polyps
Definition
Have narrow base, with a stalk attachment and color flow will show a vascular pedicle
Term
Synechiae
Definition
Are linear strands of scar tissue extending from one wall of endometrium to the other, that are scars from uterine trauma
Term
hydrosalphinx
Definition
What should you asses  for in the fallopian tubes?
Term
Follicular phase
Definition
Several follicles <5mm in diameter
Term

FSH and increase in

estrandiol

Definition
The dominant follicle develops in response to what?
Term
2-3mm/day
Definition
Dominant follicle grows how much a day?
Term
22mm-25mm
Definition
The dominant follicle grows to what size before it ruptures?
Term
basal body temperature
Definition
What is the best predictor of ovulation?
Term
Rises after ovulation
Definition
Does the basal body temperature rise or drop after ovulation?
Term
LH
Definition
What rises just before ovulation and can be found in the urine?
Term
PCOS
Definition
What conditon inhibits ovulation?
Term
  • oligomenorrhea
  • hirsutism
  • obesity
Definition
What occurs with PCOS?
Term
Definition
Follicles begin to grow, but don't develop normally continuing to produce estrogen and androgen
Term
Androgen and estrogen
Definition
What two hormones continue to produce and cause PCOS by inhibiting the pituitary glands normal function, preventing ovulation?
Term
More LH than FSH
Definition
In PCOS, the pituitary gland produces more what causing follicles not to develop remaining small, the ova cannot mature to be released?
Term
  • Diabetes
  • Obesity
  • thyroid dysfunction
  • adrenal dysfunction
  • pituitary dysfunction
Definition
PCOS causes what?
Term
Definition

Sonographically looks either:

  •  round ovary with multiple small immature follicles in the periphery of the ovary, "string of pearls"
  • normal appearing ovary
Term
Transvaginal
Definition
Best method for detecting PCOS?
Term

Endometriosis and adhesions

Definition
Peritoneal factors of infertility
Term
Adhesions
Definition
Bands of scar tissue that can obstruct fallopian tubes
Term
Ovarian induction therapy
Definition
Baseline endovaginal scan of ovarian, r/o cyst, and assess for dominant follicle
Term
clomid and pergonal
Definition
Stimulating drugs given on day 3 to 5 of normal cycle during ovarian induction therapy?
Term
In Vitro fertilization
Definition
fertilizing ova outside the body
Term
In vivo fertilization
Definition
fertilized inside the body
Term

Gamate intrafallopian tube transfer and

Zygote intrafallopian tube transfer

Definition
Used for patients who have at least one functioning fallopian tube
Term

Gamate intrafallopian tube transfer

(GIFT)

Definition
ovarian stimulation,oocyte retrieval, oocyte mixed with sperm and transferred into fallopian tube, fertilization takes place in women's body
Term

Zygote intrafallopian tube transfer

(ZIFT)

Definition
ovarian stimulation and oocyte retrieval, oocytes mixed with sperm in dish, zygotes placed in tube, fertilization takes place outside women's body
Term

Intrauterine insemination or

 artificial insemination

Definition
  • Technique to treat male factor infertility
  • Sperm is placed into the uterine fundus via catheter
Term
  • OHS (Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome)
  • Multiple gestations
  • Ectopic pregnancy
Definition

Complications of

Assisted reproductive technology

Term
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Definition
Seen in patients who have undergone ovulation induction after administration of follicular stimulating hormones
Term
Multiple gestations
Definition
  • Increased in patients who have undergone in vitro fertilization
  • Increased risk of morbidity and mortality of fetuses
Term
Ectopic pregnancy
Definition
Increased risk in patients who undergo assisted reproductive technologies
Term
Heterotopic pregnancy
Definition

ectopic with coexisting intrauterine

 pregnancy

Term

Postcoital test

(PCT)

Definition

the cervical mucus is evaluated

 by this?

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