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Infection and Immunity 2- Lecture 19
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
32
Medical
Professional
04/29/2013

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Acute vs. Chronic bronchitis
Definition

Chronic is 2+ years of 3+ months of symptoms

 

Term
2 major symptoms of Chronic bronchitis
Definition

Productive cough

Decreased FEV

Term
The most common route for acquisition for community acquired pneumonia from all sources is ___
Definition
aspiration of oropharyngeal contents
Term
Which type of microbe causes community acquired pneumonia by inhalation and spread along mucous membranes?
Definition
viruses
Term
Which type of microbe causes community acquired pneumonia by hematogenous spread?
Definition
Staph.
Term
Describe the pathology of acute bronchitis
Definition
Hyperemia (increase in bloodflow to) and edema of mucous membranes, reversible
Term
Describe the pathology of chronic bronchitis
Definition
Persistent inflamm and increased secretions, swollen glands
Term
Describe the pathology of community-acquired pneumonia for each type: lobar, bronchi, and interstitial
Definition
– Lobar-infiltrate within alveoli
– Bronchopneumonia-patchy, distal bronchiole
– Interstitial-inflammation of interstitium
Term
>90% of acute bronchitis are caused by ___
Definition
viruses
Term
Majority of community acquired pneumonia in outpatients is caused by what 4 microbes?
Definition
S. pneumoniae
M. pneumoniae
C. pneumoniae
H. influenzae viruses
Term
Majority of community acquired pneumonia in inpatients is caused by what 4 microbes?
Definition
S. pneumoniae> H. influenzae> M. pneumoniae> Legionella
Term
Name a major virulence factor for pneumococcal pneumonia
Definition
capsular polysaccharide
Term
3 main signs/symptoms of pneumococcal pneumonia
Definition
fever, shaking chill, rusty colored sputum
Term
2 pathogens associated with community acquired pneumonia in alcoholics
Definition
S. pneumoniae , anaerobes
Term
2 pathogens associated with community acquired pneumonia in smokers or people with chronic lung disease
Definition
S. pneumoniae , H. influenzae
Term
A pathogen associated with community acquired pneumonia in people with poor dental hygeine
Definition
anaerobes
Term
A pathogen associated with community acquired pneumonia dealing with plumbing/stagnant water
Definition
Legionella
Term
A pathogen associated with community acquired pneumonia from birds
Definition
Chlamydia psittaci
Term
A pathogen associated with community acquired pneumonia from rabbits
Definition
Francisella tularnesis (tularemia )
Term
A pathogen associated with community acquired pneumonia from farm animals
Definition
Coxiella burnetii
Term
A pathogen associated with community acquired pneumonia from travel in the southwest
Definition
Coccidiodes immitis
Term
A pathogen associated with community acquired pneumonia that's spread within families
Definition
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Term
4 Characteristics of acute bronchitis
Definition

Cough and "cold"

No fever

Lungs clear or rhonchi

Clear CXR

Term
6 Characteristic of pneumonia
Definition

cough, "flu-like"

dyspnea

chest pain

Increased pulse and resp. rate

Ronchi (consolidation)

Infiltrate on CXR

Term
2 reasons there's dyspnea in pneumonia
Definition

fluid in alveoli

thickened interstitium

Term
Treatment for community acquired pneumonia vs. acute bronchitis
Definition

No antibiotics for acute bronchitis

Yes for pneumonia

Term
Most important factor indicating pneumonia vs. acute bronchitis
Definition
Chest X-ray
Term
At what mortality risk class (point based) do you admit a patient with pneumonia?
Definition
Class III and up (71+ points)
Term
The top risk factor predicting drug resistant S. pneumoniae
Definition
Antimicrobials in the last 3 months
Term
Besides recent antibiotic use, what 5 factors predict resistant strains of S. pnaumoniae?
Definition

Extremes of age

Recently hospitalized

Day cares

Underlying illness or immunodeficient

Institutionalized pt.s

Term
What can you use to treat an outpatient with community acquired pneumonia who was previously healthy and no use of anti-microbials within 3 months?
Definition

A macrolide (-mycin's)

or

Doxycycline

Term
What can you use to treat a person with community acquired pneumonia who is either and inpatient, OR is an outpatient with presence of comorbidities or antimicrobials within 3 months? (2)
Definition

Respiratory fluoroquinolones (-floxacin's)

or

Beta lactam PLUS a macrolide

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