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Industrial Revolution
in Europe...
54
History
10th Grade
02/28/2008

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Enclosure Movement
Definition
common land was divided into indvidual farms
Term
New farming techniques
Definition
cultivator, crop rotation, seed drill
Term
Change in labor force during the agricultural revolution?
Definition
demand for workers decreases
Term
Why did the industrial revolution begin in Britain?
Definition
Right combination of resources needed for industrialization
Term

What were the factors of production

land, labor, capital?

Definition

Land- Coal, harbors, river (Tims)

Labor- Labor Force

Capital- money, machinary, investors

Term
What is the domestic system?
Definition
quota- boss supplies materials
Term
What was the government doing for businesses? Were they interested?
Definition
Wanted to protect businesses
Term
How did Britain make most of its money?
Definition
Colonies (in India too!)
Term
What was the change from the domestic system to the factory system called?
Definition
The Industrial Revolution
Term
When did the factory system begin to get big? (time period)
Definition
1700s
Term
mechanization
Definition

automatic machinary, ups production

(major factor of IR)

Term
Bessemer Process
Definition
making of steel
Term

Steam Engine

Who?

Definition
James Watt's invention ended need for rivers
Term
What were the five key breakthroughs of the revolution?
Definition

- domestic system -> factory system

-mechanization

-steam engine

-Bessemer Process

-mass production, division of labor, interchangeable parts, assembly lines

Term
How did the IR affect society?
Definition

-wages and workforce (women and children)

-poverty growing fastest

-middle class and poor sharply defined

-mass production

-rise of corporation : selling of stock

-transportation and communication

Term
How did the IR spread through Europe?
Definition
The Napoleonic War
Term
Why was IR successful in the US?
Definition

unity

resources

georgraphy

wealth

Term
What was the order of of countries in 1870
Definition

Britain

US

Germany

Japan

Term
Spinning Jenny
Definition
Inventor: James Hargreaves
Term
water frame
Definition
James Arkwright
Term
power loom
Definition
Edmund Cartwright
Term
flying shuttle
Definition
John Kay
Term
cotton gin
Definition
Eli Whitney
Term
lightbulb
Definition
Edison
Term
telephone
Definition
Bell
Term
railroads
Definition
Trevithick
Term
steamboat
Definition
Fulton
Term
Name five sources of Power
Definition

water

steam engine

internal combustion engine (Daimler, Diesel)

iron

coal

Term
Internal Combustion Engine
Definition
Daimler and Diesel
Term
collective bargaining
Definition
workers and employers discussed problems
Term
Name four of the most common diseases
Definition

TB

Pneumonia

cholera

typhoid

Term
muckrakers
Definition
progressive journalists of the early 20th century, exposed problems
Term
Upton Sinclaire (1906)
Definition
The Jungle
Term

laissez-faire

who?

Definition

"let them alone"

the idea that the gov't should not interfere with or regulate industries

Term coined by Adam Smith

Term
What did Adam Smith publish in 1776? What was it about?
Definition
Wealth of Nations which describes a free market system
Term

First Adam Smith Law

Law of self interest

 

Definition
people work for their own good
Term

Second Law:

Law of Competition

Definition
competition forces people to make better products
Term

Third Law

Law of Supply and Demand

Definition
enough goods produced at the lowest possible price to meet demands
Term

What did Thomas Malthus write in 1798?

What did it say?

Definition

An Essay of Principles of Population

-said population was growing faster than the food supply

Term
Describe Ricardo's iron law of wages (remember to name book)
Definition

In Principles of Political Economy and texation, he believed that the poor would always be poor.

 

"...that all attempts to improve the real income of workers were futile and that wages perforce remained near the subsistence level.

Term

What economic philosophy was introduced by Jeremy Bentham

What does it promote?

Definition

utilitarianism- people should judge ideas, institutions and actions on the basis of usefulness

 

Promotes education, training

Term
Describe three ideas introduces by John Stuart Mill.
Definition

1- no deprived lives

2- equal division of profits

3- cooperative system of agriculture

Term
socialism
Definition
factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all
Term
Karl Marx: 5 stages of Economic life
Definition

primitive

slave

feudal

capitilism

communism

Term
proletariat
Definition
rise of working class
Term
What did Marx and Engles write in 1848?
Definition

The common manifesto

appealed to workers of the world to revolt

Term
Louis Pasteur
Definition
pasteurization- bacteria can cause disease
Term

Marie and Pierre Curie

Definition
proves radium emits energy
Term

Albert Einstein

What did the theory of relativity state?

Definition
Speed of light is constant
Term
Name 4 composers
Definition

Beethoven

Tchaikovsky

Chopin

Schubert

Dvorak

Term
Name 4 authors and books
Definition

Goethe

Sand

Hugo- Hunchback

Scott- Ivanhope

Term
Who painted liberty leading the people?
Definition
Eugene Delacroix
Term
Name two impressionists
Definition

Renoir and Monet

 

Term
Cezzane
Definition
introduced post-impressionism
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