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Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution
25
History
10th Grade
09/22/2010

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Term
Industrial Revolution
Definition
the shift, beginning in England during the 18th century, from making goods by hand to making them by machine.
Term
Enclosure
Definition
one of the fenced-in or hedged-in fields created by wealthy British landowners on land that was formerly worked on by village farmers.
Term
Crop Rotation
Definition
the system of growing a different crop in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land.
Term
Industrialization
Definition
the development of industries for the machine production of goods.
Term
Factors of production
Definition
the resources—including land, labor, and capital—that are needed to produce goods and services.
Term
Factories
Definition
a large building in which machinery is used to manufacture goods.
Term
Entrepreneur
Definition
a person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business.
Term
Urbanization
Definition
the growth of cities and the migration of people into them.
Term
Middle Class
Definition
a social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, businesspeople, and wealthy farmers.
Term
Laissez Faire
Definition
the idea that government shouldnot interfere with or regulate industries and businesses.
Term
Capitalism
Definition
an economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in busness ventures in order to make a profit
Term
Utilitarianism
Definition
the theory, proposed by Jeremy Bentham in the late 1700s, that government actions are useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
Term
Socialism
Definition
an economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all.
Term
Communism
Definition
an economic system in which all means of production--land, mines, factories, railroads, and businesses--are owned by the people, private property does not exist, and all goods and services are shared equally.
Term
Unions
Definition
an association of workers, formed to bargain for better working conditions and better wages.
Term
What did England have that allowed them to industrialize first?
Definition
Large labor pool, natural resources, Economic strength, and Political stability
Term
What are the four factors of production needed for industrialization?
Definition
Land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship.
Term
What was most affected by technology during the Industrial Revolution?
Definition
Transportation
Term
The Industrial Revolution in England began in which industry?
Definition
textiles (clothing)
Term
What were the effects of railroads?
Definition
The growth of cities, reaching new markets quicker, and boosting agriculture.
Term
Who argued human societies have always been divided into warring classes (haves and the have-nots)?
Definition
Karl Marx
Term
What was one of the main reasons that caused urbanization?
Definition
The growth of the factory system (Industrialization).
Term
Whose ideas about capitalism were in the book, The Wealth of Nations?
Definition
Adam Smith
Term
Under which economic system has the government planning out the economy?
Definition
Socialism
Term
What invention helped mines work more efficiently, powered ships to improve water transportation, and helped launch the railway age?
Definition
Steam engine
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