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Individual With an Illness
Dye and Commons
82
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
02/24/2014

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Cards

Term
Health
Definition
a goal of nursing measure physical, spiritual, emotional, social needs
personal definition- do not impose
Term
Well Being
Definition
state one is experiencing an acceptable quality of life as he defines it, full and balanced integration of all needs "Holism"
Term
Physical Well Being
Definition
body organs functioning normally
Term
Emotional Well Being
Definition
one feels good about life, safe and able to handle life
Term
Social Well Being
Definition
one feels well liked, productive and accepted
Term
Spiritual Well Being
Definition
inner peace in relation to them, the meaning and purpose of life
Term
Health
Definition
state of complete physical, emotional, social and spiritual well being
Term
Illness
Definition
state of discomfort when health is impaired through disease, stress, accident or injury, highly ind state, not always related to disease
Term
3 criteria a person uses to determine illness
Definition
1. symptom
2. how they feel
3. ADLs
Term
Morbidity
Definition
incidence of disease, disorder, or injury
Term
Mortality
Definition
refers to death, number of deaths per unit of population usually calculated per 1000
Term
Acute illness
Definition
rapid onset; short duration
usually curable
can lead to long term problems if left untreated
Term
Chronic illness
Definition
develops slowly and lasts a relatively long time. usually longer than 6 months
heart disease, osteoarthritis, cancer, asthma
periods of remission and exacerbation
Term
Remission
Definition
illness dormant
presents few symptoms
Term
Exacerbations
Definition
flare up
aggravation of symptoms
increase in severity of disease
Term
Illness graded by
Definition
mild
moderate
severe
Term
Stages of disease
Definition
early
late
terminal
Term
Terminal illness
Definition
no potential cure
person is approaching death
end stage CHF, terminal cancer, hospice, end stage aids
Term
Primary Illness
Definition
independent of any other disease
Term
Secondary Illness
Definition
develops from a pre-existing condition
Diabetes-arteriosclerosis
Alcoholism- liver dysfunction
Term
Factors causing illness
Definition
Heredity
Congenital- dx or defect at time of birth
Biochemical imbalances- water and electrolyte
Trauma- injury
environment- extremes hot or cold
Nutrition
Term
Hypoxia
Definition
lack of oxygen reaching body tissues

ex. emphysema, anemia or if there is a lack of oxygen in the environment
Term
anoxia
Definition
total lack of oxygen
irreversible damage caused if the brain is deprived of oxygen for more than 3-7 min
ex. drowning
Term
neoplasms
Definition
tumor
Term
benign
Definition
similar to the tissue where it is found, usually does not spread, can still cause problems by crowding normal structures
Term
malignant
Definition
grow and act in total disregard of body order
cells differ from the tissue of origin
metastasize
can invade or crowd out normal tissue
Term
stress
Definition
prolonged stress can lead to physical or emotional disturbances
Term
infection
Definition
invasion of the body by pathogenic organisms
Term
factors effecting the development of an infection
Definition
number of microorganisms present
virulence-capacity to cause disease
resistance of the host- strength of the immune system
Term
idiopathic etiology
Definition
unknown cause

ex-irritable bowel syndrome
Term
external defenses against illness
Definition
skin and mucous membranes are the first line of defense
dry skin deters as well as sweat and sebaceous glands
Term
sebum
Definition
fatty acid that kills bacteria, slightly acidic
Term
normal flora
Definition
prevent other bacteria from multiplying
Term
saliva
Definition
buffering action and flow help prevent infection, enzymes in saliva inhibit bacterial growth
Term
nose-cilia
Definition
trap microorganisms
Term
lungs
Definition
macrophage
Term
gi
Definition
hydrochloric acid creates an environment where most microorganisms cannot survive
Term
vagina- secretions
eyes- tears
Definition
lower ph and discourage growth
Term
Inflammation/ itis
Definition
red
pain
swelling
decrease use or function
warmth
Term
Phases of inflammation
Definition
cells release signal (histamine, etc)
vasodilation (redness and warmth due to increase in blood flow)
capillary walls more permeable allowing outpour of fluid (swelling)
swelling causing disturbance in function
Term
Tissue repair phases
Definition
resolution- cell recovers without replacement
regeneration- replace damaged cells with identical new ones
scar formation- fibrous tissue replaces
this is a non functioning substitute (keloids)
Term
cellular immunity
Definition
t lymphocytes
fungi, protozoa, bacteria and some viruses
Term
humoral immunity
Definition
takes place in blood stream
b lymphocytes
bacteria and viral
Term
Active Immunity
Definition
immune system is stimulated; produces antibodies
natural- infection has run its course
active- produced through vaccinations
Term
Vaccination
Definition
process of injecting a weakened or killed organism into a person, stimulating antibody production; artificially acquired active immunity
Term
Passive Immunity
Definition
does not involve host's immune system
immunity is transferred to recipient
congenital- mom to fetus or breast milk
by blood in to form of immunoglobulins
Term
Why is it so serious if an infant (<6 mo) presents a fever?
Definition
The immune system is not fully operational until 6 months, immature thermoregulatory systems
signs of infection; lethargy, not eating, restless
Term
What age does the immune system mature to one similar to adults?
Definition
3-4, this is prime opportunity to give vaccinations
Term
most common infection in early childhood
Definition
respiratory tract and ear
communicable diseases are transferred by play
Eustachian tubes are shorter and straighter resulting in more ear infections
Term
Communicable diseases are most prevalent in what age group?
Definition
school age
most common in winter
Term
What skin diseases effect school age children
Definition
impetigo, roundworm, lice
Term
Children ages 6-12 have a high incidence of streptococcal inf resulting in?
Definition
pharyngitis, tonsillitis, scarlet fever
Term
Adolescents
Definition
immune system fully mature but may be compromised due to malnutrition or chronic illness
Term
PID
Definition
can cause ectopic pregnancy and infertility
Term
HPV
Definition
16 and 18 cause 70% of cervical cancers
Term
Adults have more chronic lung disease such as:
Definition
COPD, Emphysema, pneumonia, bronchitis
Term
STD effect what age groups
Definition
adolescents, adults and older adults
Term
Malnutrition (lifestyle)
Definition
effects ability to resist infections in adults and older adults
Term
What gland begins to shrink in adolescence, leading to a decline in cell-mediated and humoral immunity
Definition
thymus
Term
Respiratory disease in an older adult is exceeded by what other diseases
Definition
heart, cancer and stroke
Term
What infections are most common and most lethal in older adults
Definition
respiratory and urinary
Term
Flu effects on older adults
Definition
twice the incidence than young adults and mortality rate is higher
Term
HAI in older adults
Definition
vulnerable to them especially when the chest or abdomen is open
Term
Immunoglobulin antibodies
Definition
plasma proteins that form in the response to invading antigens
Term
antigens (virus and bacteria)
Definition
foreign particles which invade the body and act as markers on the surface of cell that can stimulate the immune system
Term
Common Allergens
Definition
dust, feathers, animal dander and pollen
eggs, seafood, chocolate
wool, nylon, nickel
penicillin (PCN), aspirin(ASA)
Term
Symptoms of an allergy
Vary depending on allergy
Definition
sneezing, nasal congestion, itchy eyes, nausea and diarrhea
Term
Management of a food allergy
Definition
avoid and identify
Term
anaphylactic shock (life threatening)
define and symptoms
Definition
sudden severe reaction to allergen
bp drops, pulse rapid and weak, diaphoresis, loss of consciousness, dyspnea, sob, possible convulsion
Term
Anaphylactic shock most commonly caused by
Definition
PCN, insect stings, x ray contrast, dyes, food (strawberries, peanuts)
Term
Pathogen
Definition
microorganism that causes infection and contagious disease
Term
infection
Definition
invasion of body by pathogenic organism
Term
nosocomial infections
Definition
not present at time of admission
Term
reservoirs
Definition
environment that m.o. survives and reproduces
Term
carrier (healthy)
Definition
reservoir for organisms but never develops disease, no active evidence of disease
Term
Convalescent
Definition
recovery but harbors infectious agents
Term
Incubatory
Definition
time between contact and first symptom
Term
Most effective point to interfere with the infectious cycle
Definition
vehicle of transmission
Term
Vehicle transmission
Definition
linens, dressings, contaminated water
Term
Ways to prevent the spread of disease
Definition
Hygiene
nutrition
sanitary conditions
avoid exposure
sleep
exercise
avoid harmful substances
educate
immunize
food and water inspections
sanitary housing- eliminate overcrowding
Term
Lactate level normal
Definition
0.3-2.6, increased in sepsis
Term
Who should not receive live vaccines
Definition
pregnant or immunocompromised
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