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India Terms
Global Test on Monday
49
History
9th Grade
03/09/2011

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Term
salt march
Definition
a peaceful protest against Salt Acts in 1930 in India which Mohandas Gandhi led his followers on a 240 mile walk to the sea where they made their own salt from evaporated sea water.
Term
amristar massacre
Definition
killing by British troops of nearly 400 indians gathered at amristar to protest the rowlat acts.
Term
British East India Company
Definition
A private British company that controlled India before the Sepoy Mutiny.
Term
Sepoy Rebellion
Definition
A group of Indian soldiers who were working for the British East India Company began attacking the English. The result was the rebellion was that the British government had to send troops to put down the rebellion and made India a colony of the British Empire.
Term
British Imperialism
Definition
The British took over India and controlled it as a colony.
Term
Positive Impacts of British Imperialism of India
Definition
-created schools
-created roads and railroads
-created ports
-created telephone wires
Term
Negative Impact of British Rule on India
Definition
-Forced Indians to grow cash crops which led to famine.
-treated Indians as second class citizens in their own country
- forced Indians to pay for British products.
- Did not allow India to industrialize
Term
Indian Nationalism
Definition
The Indian movement to force the British out and create their own government. Two groups were most vocal in the movement - I.N.C. and Muslim League.
Term
Mohandas Gandhi
Definition
Leader of the Indian Nationalist movement.
- he was able to get Muslims and Indians to work together.
- organized protests like the British Boycott and the Salt March
Term
When did the British finally leave India?
Definition
1949 after WWII
Term
Sihk Separatism
Definition
An ethic/religious group living in the Punjab region of India that has wanted independence since 1949. They have used various forms of terrorism to try to gain independence.
Term
What countries were formed from British Colony of India after the British left in 1949?
Definition
India (Hindu) and Pakistan (Muslim)
Term
Why did Hindus and Muslims clash after the British left after 1949?
Definition
After it was decided to split the subcontinent of India into two seperate nations (India for Hindus and Pakistan for Muslims) those who were on the wrong side of the boarder had to move. Both sides were bitter about this because it caused massive hardship for both and this caused clashes on both sides.
Term
Green Revolution
Definition
Using modern techonolgy to increase crop production.
- genetic splicing
- irrigation
- fertilizers
- mechanization
Term
Formation of Pakistan and Bangladesh
Definition
Originally in 1949 Pakistan was broken into two parts - East Pakistan and West Pakistan split by India.
Overcoming the geographical split was too much so West Pakistan became known as Pakistan and East Pakistan became Bangladesh.
Term
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Definition
Leader of the Muslim League during the nationalist movement and the first President of Pakistan
Term
Sri Lanka
Definition
Small island off the coast of India which has a group called the Tamil who have tried to become independent from the country of India.
Term
Muslim League
Definition
nationalis Muslim group formed to force the British out of India
Term
Indira Gandhi
Definition
Nehru's daughter who became Prime Minister of India. She was killed by her Sihk body guard. Rememeber Sihks want independence for the Punjab region.
Term
Jawaharlal Nehru
Definition
Gandhi's right hand man during the independence movement. Nehru became India's first Prime Minister after independence.
Term
Arms Race Between Pakistan and India
Definition
Both countries currently nuclear powers and have threatened to use these weapons against each other in the event of war.
Term
The Partition of India
Definition
Upon independence from the British (1949) India was split into a Hindu India a Muslim Pakistan. Would be considered "ethnic cleansing" because hundreds of thousands were killed as both sides moved to their new countries.
Term
Caste System
Definition
Social system in India with Brahmans at top and untouchables at the bottom. Hindus believe that if you follow your roles in life (Dahrma) in your next life you will be reincarnated higher up on the caste syste.
Term
untouchables
Definition
Lowest level of the castes system. Often discriminated against. Hindus beleive that if a person from a higher class is touched by an untouchable their karma will be ruined.
Term
Lord Mountbatten
Definition
Viceroy of India when India was given independence. feared Hindus and Muslims would never live in peace so he decided to partition India. Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan.
Term
Current tensions between India and Pakistan
Definition
There have been multiple border skirmshes but most of the real fighting has been over the area of Kashmir in the northern part of the subcontinent of India.
Term
Rowlatt Acts
Definition
Passed in 1919 during WWI - Gave British officials the right to imprison anyone suspected of terrorism (speaking out against England) two years in jail without a trial. This greatly violated Indian's right to speech.
Term
Hinduism Basic Tenets
Definition
- Reincarnation
- Karma
- Dahrma
- No Founder
- Caste System
Term
Who founded Hinduism?
Definition
No founder but developed over years as traditions were meshed.
Term
Vedas and Upanishads
Definition
Sacred Texts of the Hindus
Term
Ramayana and Mahabharata
Definition
2 famous epic hindu poems
Term
3 main Gods of Hinduism
Definition
Brahmin, Vishnu and Siva
Term
Dharma
Definition
Hindu beleif that all people have role in life based on your position in the Caste System. Your goal in life should be to fulfill that goal.
Term
Karma
Definition
Hindu belief that what happens in this life will affect what happens in your next life or where in the Caste System you will be born when you are reincarnated.
Term
Samsara
Definition
What Hindus call their soul - the contious flow of life (birth, life, death, reincarnation back to birth)
Term
Polytheism
Definition
Belief in many Gods - both Hinduism and Buddhism are polytheistic
Term
What is the relationship that Hindus have between Castes.
Definition
None - People of different Castes are supposed to interact as little as possible so as not to disrupt their Karma or Dharma.
Term
Reincarnation
Definition
The belief that when a being dies it's soul moves onto and is reborn as another living thing.
Term
Hinduism
Definition
Unique religion found mostly in South Asia (India)
Term
Buddhism originated in ....
Definition
In India and spread to Southeast Asia before becoming a world religion.
Term
Siddhartha Gautama
Definition
Founder of Buddhism - Buddha - The Enlightened One
Term
Four Noble Truths
Definition
The Four Rules of Buddhism
1. All life is suffering.
2. Suffering is caused by desire for worldly things.
3. Suffering can be eliminated.
4. There is a path to end all worldly desires.
Term
Eight Fold Path
Definition
Also called The Middle Way
The 8 things a Buddhist needs to follow in order to get rid of desire and reach Nirvana (Buddhist Heaven).
Term
Arraigned Marriage
Definition
Marriages set up by older family members for younger family members. The young members are often bound to these marriage commitments by their families. In India this is the traditional way.
Term
What do Hindus do with their dead family members.
Definition
Dead bodies are cremated
Term
Extended Families
Definition
Traditionally in India the same house has multiple generations of family members living in the same house. Son's often live with their parents and children.
Term
Hindu Kush and Himalaya Mountains
Definition
Acted as barrier to cultural diffusion for the subcontinent of India for centuries. As a result, India has developed some unique cultural characteristics such as the hinduism and the caste system.
Term
Ganges River
Definition
Sacred Hindu River - The River of Life.
Term
civil disobedience
Definition
Using non-violent protest to force a government to make changes or grant independence. Protests may include marches, speeches and boycotts.
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