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Immunology
Exam 4 Material, Immunology
11
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
05/11/2013

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

circular system

Definition
  • blood system
  • travels two ways
  • takes oxygen and nutrients out, brings CO2 and waste back
  • delivers water to all parts of the body
  • immune cells use this system
Term

lymphatic system

Definition
  • only a return system (one way)
  • flows from the tissues back to the central body
  • brings water and other nutrients carried within the water back to the central body
  • immune cells use this system too
Term

cells involved in acquired immunity

Definition

lymphocytes

  • T-cells
  • B-cells
Term

cells involved in innate immunity

Definition

phagocytes

  • macrophages
  • dendritic cells
  • neutrophils
Term

ways cells recognize foreign bodies

Definition
  • PRR (pattern recognition receptors)
  • Peptidoglycan
  • LPS (lipopolysaccharide)
  • PAMP (pathogen-associated molecular patterns)
Term

phagolysozome

Definition
  • phagocytosis occurs: membrane engulfs the bacterial cell
  • lysozyme hurts the bacterial cell 
Term

acquired immunity

Definition
  • specificity: recognized antigens
  • memory: faster and more  dramatic healing the second exposure
  • tolerance: can differentiate between self and foreign antigens
Term

receptors used to bind to antigens

Definition
  • all can recognize specific foreign molecules (antigens)
  • MHC1: found on every nucleated cell 
  • MHC2: phagocytes and B cells
  • T-cell receptors: found on T cells
  • B-cell receptors: found on B cells, specialized antibodies
  • antibodies: not found on cells, but are released by the cells and distributed throughout the body
Term

antigen-presenting cells

Definition
  • cells that have a protein that will be cut up, and a small piece will be taken out
  • this piece of protein is put on the surface and associated with an MHC1
  • a foreign antigen will be recognized by a T-cell
  • Tcytotoxic cell releases granules that lead to apoptosis
Term

T-Helper 1 Cells

Definition
  • phagocytic cells that puts foreign bacteria into phagolysozome, where it gets cut into little pieces
  • has a T-cell receptor that recognized foreign antigens
  • cytokines are released, which activate the phagocyte and recruitment of other phagocytes
Term

T-Helper 2 Cells

Definition
  • these look for B cells that have MHC2 with an antigen
  • the B cell receptor binds to the foreign antigens, cuts it up, takes it out
  • TH2 cells produce cytokines that activate the B cell
  • B cell divides-producing plasma cells which make up antibodies
  • these antibodies get released into the body, bind to bacterial/virus infected cells, or toxin proteins
  • differentiates into memory cells, that put out the same B cell receptor
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